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Environment
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The issue entitled "Global change impacts on mountain lakes” from “Hydrobiologia”.
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The CNR1 is manufactured by Kipp & Zonen for applications requiring research-grade performance. The radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave infrared radiation versus surface-refl ected short-wave and outgoing long-wave infrared radiation. The CNR1 consists of a pyranometer and pyrgeometer pair that faces upward and a complementary pair that faces downward. The pyranometers and pyrgeometers measure short-wave and far infrared radiation, respectively. All four sensors are calibrated to an identical sensitivity coeffi cient. Th e CNR1 also includes an RTD to measure the radiometer’s internal temperature,a 4WPB100 module to interface the RTD with the datalogger, and a heater that can be used to prevent condensation. Technical Characteristics: Sensors: Kipp & Zonen’s CM3 ISO-class, thermopile pyranometer, CG3 pyrgeometer, PT100 RTD Spectral response Pyranometer: 305 to 2800 nm Pyrgeometer: 5000 to 50,000 nm Response Time: 18 seconds Typical Sensitivity Range: 7 to 15 μV W-1 m2 Output Range Pyranometer: 0 to 25 mV Pyrgeometer: ±5 mV Expected Accuracy for Daily Totals: ±10% Directional Error: <25 W m-2 (pyranometer) Heating Resistor: 24 Ohms, 6 W at 12 Vdc Operating Temperature: -40° to 70°C Dimensions Mounting Arm Diameter: 0.625 in. (1.6 cm) Mounting Arm Length: 14.5 in. (37 cm) Radiometer: 9.1 x 3.1 x 6.1 in. (23.2 x 8.0 x 15.6 cm) Weight: 8.8 lbs (4 kg) Datalogger Requirements: Six diff erential or four singleended and two diff erential analog channels CE Compliance: CE compliant under the European Union’s EMC directive
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Roads of the Central Karakorum National Park.
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Rivers of interest in the study of the Central Karakorum National Park.
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Special Issue:Sixth Scientific Conference of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry Project (IGAC) Bologna, Italy; 13–17 September 1999
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Elevation contours (1000 meters) of the Central Karakorum National Park.
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The main settlements of Central Karakorum National Park. ????
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We describe the application of a three-laser tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), called 'tracer in-situ TDLAS for atmospheric research' (TRISTAR), to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), during an intensive measurement campaign on Mt. Cimone (44 degrees 11'N, 10 degrees 42'E, 2165 m asl), Northern Appenines, Italy in June 2000 as part of the EU-project 'mineral dust and tropospheric chemistry' (MINATROC). The TRISTAR instrument was a major component of an instrument package, provided by the Max-Planck-Insitut für Chemie, to investigate free tropospheric gas-phase chemistry over the Appenines. Here we discuss the optical, electronic, gas flow, and calibration setup of the TDLAS used during the campaign. We characterized extensively the instrument's performance during a preparatory phase in the laboratory and compared the laboratory results to the in-field results. Consistency checks with additional trace gas measurements obtained during the campaign create high confidence in the measured concentrations. Correlations between different trace gas species, along with other evaluation tools, allow a full chemical characterization of air masses to meet the goals of the campaign.
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Trekking routes of the Central Karakorum National Park.
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The DMA572 Thermohygrometer by Lsi-Lastem was installed on 2007 on Dosdè station. It is a probe for measuring air temperature and air relative humidity with replaceable sensitive element for simplify calibration and maintenance. LSI-Lastem supplies a precise and reliable set of probes, suitable for a continuous measurement in severe environments, in presence of deep thermal and hygrometric ranges with high sun radiant heat. An important feature of this set of sensor is that the thermohygrometric sensitive element is easily replaceable, in order to have a simple and rapid ordinary maintenance and avoiding calibration. The Thermohygrometer has supported a considerable improvement, owing to a deep technical and styling development process: a fan ensures a continuous air change around the sensor in order to eliminate temperature fault caused by radiant heat. DMA572 Specifications: Power supply: 10 – 14 Vdc Power consumption: 2 mA R Load Max (mA output) : CE compliance : EMC standard EN50081-1, EN50082-1 Electric protections: tranzorb, on outputs and power supply Housing: alluminium Weight (cable attached): 440g Connection cable: L. 5 m Temperature Range: -30÷70°C, -50÷50°C, 0÷100°C Sensitive element: Pt 100 1/3 DIN-B Sensitive element replacement: ML3021 Plug-in by connector Accuracy (repeatability+hysteresis): ± 0,1°C (0°C) Electronic accuracy: ± 0,15°C Operating temperature: -40°÷95° Output: Pt100 (Ohm) Relative Humidity Range : 0÷100% Sensitive element: Capacitative Sensitive element replacement: ML3021 Plug-in by connector Accuracy (repeatability+hysteresis): 1,5% (5÷95%, 23°C) * 2% (<5>95%, 23°C) * Resolution: 0,12% Long term stability: <1% year Temperature dependence (+6+45°C/ 11-90% RH): ± 1,5 % Operating temperature: -40° ÷95° Output: 0÷1V