Both in 2008 and in 2011 expedition a PTB330 barometer was installed at South Col. This sensor is manufactured by Vaisala company. Vaisala's Barometer measure Atmospheric Pressure in weather station.
In the Khumbu Valley, in the area of Sagarmatha National Park, a network of 6 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) has been installed over the past 10 years. Namche Station is part of the station network of automated measurement stations (AWSs) that were installed in the Eastern Himalayas: the AWSs are located at different altitudes, over a stretch oriented approximately 40 km south to north. The network takes hourly measurements of seven standard parameters: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, global radiation, total precipitation.
The Baltoro Glacier, 62 km long, is one of the longest glaciers outside of the Polar Regions. It is located in Baltistan, in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, and runs through part of the Karakoram mountain range. In the middle of the Baltoro glacier there is the campsite of Urdukas located on the trek way to Concordia. This automatic weather station was installed, in June 17, 2004 on the Baltoro Glacier, more precisely on a moraine ridge close to the left glacier margin at 3926 m asl.
The HMS 9000, developed by SDEC, France, is a soil moisture sensor for the measurement of water content in soil, based on the principle of the electrical capacity measurement.
The HMS 9000, developed by SDEC, France, is a soil moisture sensor for the measurement of water content in soil, based on the principle of the electrical capacity measurement.
During the 2011 espedition, at South Col was installed two DMA672 termohygrometers and one DMA033 thermometer. All these sensors are manufactered by LSI-Lastem (Italy). DMA 672 thermohygrometer is an instrument for measuring temperature and relative humidity and suitable for a continuous measurement in severe environments; in presence of deep thermal and hygrometric ranges with high sun radiant heat. The parameters are recorded every ten minutes and data are transmitted hourly to a server at the Pyramid Laboratory-Observatory (5,050 m a.s.l., near Lobuche in Nepal’s Khumbu Valley), and from there to Ev-K2-CNR headquarters in Italy.
In 2008 at South Col the CombiSD DNA022 sensor (LSI-Lastem, Italy) was installed. During the 2011 expedition, this sensor was replaced with a prototype (LSI-Lastem) to support with other two sensors manufactured by VAISALA: WMT700 and WA15D7B. The CombiSD combines sensors for measuring both wind speed and direction in a single instrument.
A high volume aerosol sampler for chemical analyses.
The station records continuously measurements of the seven meteorological standard parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation and total precipitation. A thermohygrometer DMA572 LSi-Lastem(Italy) measures : -air temperature (°C); - relative humidity(%).
The station records continuously measurements of the seven meteorological standard parameters: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, global solar radiation and total precipitation. A thermohygrometer DMA572 LSi-Lastem(Italy) measures : -air temperature (°C); - relative humidity(%).