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climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
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The basic meteorological data are measured by a multi-sensor instrument . The Meteorological parameters measured are: - Air temperature unit[deg C], - Atmospheric pressure[hPa], - Relative humidity[%], - Wind speed[m/s] and direction[deg], - Precipitation[mm].
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High values of ozone concentration were measured during one episode of cyclogenesis in the western Mediterranean as part of ALPEX (on April 25, 1982). The concentrations were found both in the mid-troposphere and at a station located on a mountaintop in the Apennines. It is shown that the ozone-rich air sampled in the troposphere originated in the lower stratosphere one day before, and had descended as a consequence of the cyclogenic episode. The interpretation of the other ozone concentration peak is more problematic, as conditions in the meteorological field of the observation posts were considered to be poorly defined.
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Sulfur Hexafluoride is measured by using a GC-ECD (Agilent 6890N); separation is performed on a double column system (precolumn/backflush and analytical column, both Hayesep Q), isothemrically. Each run is 15 minute long. Each ambient air sample is bracketed with calibration runs. The working standards are based on NOAA2006 scale.
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People in the Karakoram use discharge from glaciers during summer for irrigation and other purposes. While the glacial meltwater supply during hot and dry periods will vary as a result of climate change, Karakoram glaciers so far have not shown a consistent reaction to climatic change, although climate scenarios indicate severe future impacts in the high-elevation regions of the Himalaya and Karakoram. Field measurements on Hinarche Glacier in Bagrot Valley are combined with remote sensing information and climate observations to investigate the meltwater production of the glacier and estimate the meltwater discharge in the valley.Special emphasis was placed on ice melt beneath supraglacial debris, which is the common process on the glacier tongues in the region. The calculated annual meltwater production of about 135 million m3 for Hinarche Glacier shows the order of magnitude for glacier runoff in such environments. Glacial meltwater production is about 300 million m3 per year for the entire valley under balanced conditions. This analysis serves as a basis for further investigations concerning temporal meltwater variability and potential water usage by the local population.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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The following compounds are currently observed and analysed at the ICO-OV: • CFCs: CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115. • HCFCs: HCFC-22, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-124. • Halons H-1301, H-1211. • CH3Cl, CH3Br, CH3I, CH2Cl2, CH2Br2, CHCl3, CHBr3, CH3,CCl3,, CCl4, TCE, PCE. • HFCs: HFC-23, HFC-32, HFC-134a, HFC-152a, HFC-125, HFC-143a, HFC-365mfc. • PFC and other fluorinated compounds: PFC-116, PFC-218. • Hydorcarbons: C3 – C6 hydrocarbons
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Aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 500 nm is measured by aDifferential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) installed at ICO-OV in November 2005.
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We present results of statistical trajectory source analyses applied on ozone concentrations measured at high mountain peaks within and at the fringes of the Alps supported by Lagrangian photochemical box model calculations. These analyses yielded coherent pictures of transport processes causing elevated ozone concentrations in the Alps, and of the amount of ozone produced during transport over high-emission areas. Using measurement data, specific emission areas like the Po Basin, southern Germany, the “ Black Triangle “ region and some areas in eastern Europe were identified as important source regions, causing elevated ozone concentrations in the Alps. These statistics were supported by model calculations of transport and formation of ozone, giving similar results. Mesoscale transport processes and ozone formation in the boundary layer along the pathways were found to play an important role in determining Alpine ozone concentration levels. Ozone concentration tendencies along transport pathways were quantified climatologically using the box model. During the last 24 h of transport, concentration increases of 6-13 ppb, on the average, were found along 60-80% of all trajectories reaching the Alps, depending on the specific location. These estimates were confirmed by a measurement-based analysis of ozone formation during transport over the Po Basin, obtaining values of similar order of magnitude.
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This archive includes non polar ice core information from Fiescherhorn glacier available in the DISAT GEOMATIC LAB repository. Two ice cores were taken in 1989 and 2002 .
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.