The Pyramid station is equipped with sensor (CM3 Kipp&Zonen) for measuring Flux Parameter. In particolar the sensor measures: Incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation.

The project proposed by the Milano Bicocca (UNIMIB) research unit will investigate aspects of current Alpine glaciation through observations and glaciological measurements, mass balance calculations, and geophysical and geodetic investigation. In particular, the UNIMIB research unit will be responsible for studying the evolution of glaciers from a physical and dynamic perspective. This archive includes non polar ice cores information from Colle del Lys available in the DISAT GEOMATIC LAB repository. A total of 3 different ice core were recovered in 2003 on Colle del Lys, Monte Rosa, Italy.

The basic meteorological data are measured by a multi-sensor instrument . The Meteorological parameters measured are: - Air temperature unit[deg C], - Atmospheric pressure[hPa], - Relative humidity[%], - Wind speed[m/s] and direction[deg], - Precipitation[mm].

The 7Be activity concentrations measured from 1996 to 1998 at four high-altitude stations, Jungfraujoch—Switzerland, Zugspitze—Germany, Sonnblick—Austria and Mt. Cimone—Italy, were analyzed in combination with a set of, meteorological and atmospheric parameters such as the tropopause height, relative and specific humidity and also in conjunction with 3D back-trajectories in order to investigate the climatological features of 7Be. A frequency distribution analysis on 7Be activity concentrations revealed the existence of two concentration classes around 1.5 and 6 mBq m(-3) and a transition class between the two modes of the distribution at 3-4 mBq (m-3). Cross-correlation analysis performed between 7Be and a number of meteorological and atmospheric parameters at the first three stations showed a strong negative correlation with relative humidity (-0.56, -0.51,-0.41) indicating the importance of wet scavenging as a controlling mechanism. Also, the positive correlation with the height of 3-days back-trajectories and tropopause height (+0.49/+0.43, +0.59/+0.36, +0.44/+0.38) shows that downward transport from the upper or middle to lower troposphere within anticyclonic conditions plays also an important role. Trajectory statistics showed that low 7Be concentrations typically originate from lower-altitude subtropical ocean areas, while high concentrations arrive from the north and high altitudes, as is characteristic for stratospheric intrusions. Although the 7Be activity concentrations are highly episodic, the monthly means indicate an annual cycle with a late-summer maximum at all stations. The correlation coefficients calculated for monthly means of the 7Be and atmospheric data suggest that the main predictor controlling the seasonality of the 7Be concentrations is tropopause height (+0.76, +0.56, +0.60), reflecting more vertical transport from upper tropospheric levels into the lower troposphere during the warm season than during the cold season.

The ozone situation in the Eastern Alps was investigated during the south foehn period from 4 - 6 May 1997. The event was studied in detail using surface measurements, soundings and aircraft measurements of meteorological and chemical parameters. A numerical simulation with a prognostic meteorological model (MM5) and a chemistry-transport model with 6 km resolution provided additional insight. The case study was supplemented by a climatological evaluation of a three-year data set. The foehn period was preceeded by an ozone episode in the Po Basin south of the Alps. Advection of residual-layer air masses from that area caused a maximum of the ozone concentration in the beginning. Later on, the ozone concentration in the foehn area was determined by a mixture of regional-scale advection from the lower free troposphere and boundary-layer air form the south. The contribution o boundary-layer air was especially strong in the lee of the deep gap formed by the Brenner Pass and visiblein many parameters. The climatological evaluation showed that during south foehn, ozone concentrations are elevated in the foehn area, especially in the valleys and during nighttime where the usual nocturnal minimum is suppressed.

A Kalman-filter based inverse emission estimation method for long-lived trace gases is presented for use in conjunction with a Lagrangian particle dispersion model like FLEXPART. The sequential nature of the approach allows tracing slow seasonal and interannual changes rather than estimating a single period-mean emission field. Other important features include the estimation of a slowly varying concentration background at each measurement station, the possibility to constrain the solution to non-negative emissions, the quantification of uncertainties, the consideration of temporal correlations in the residuals, and the applicability to potentially large inversion problems. The method is first demonstrated for a set of synthetic observations created from a prescribed emission field with different levels of (correlated) noise, which closely mimics true observations. It is then applied to real observations of the three halocarbons HFC-125, HFC-152a and HCFC-141b at the remote research stations Jungfraujoch and Mace Head for the quantification of emissions in Western European countries from 2006 to 2010. Estimated HFC-125 emissions are mostly consistent with national totals reported to the Kyoto protocol and show a generally increasing trend over the considered period. Results for HFC-152a are much more variable with estimated emissions being both higher and lower in different countries. The highest emissions of the order of 1000 Mg yr-1 are estimated for Italy which so far does not report HFC-152a emissions. Emissions of HCFC-141b show a continuing strong decrease as expected due to its ban under the Montreal Protocol. Emissions from France, however, were still rather large (near 1000 Mg yr-1) in the years 2006 and 2007 but strongly declined thereafter.

We present results of statistical trajectory source analyses applied on ozone concentrations measured at high mountain peaks within and at the fringes of the Alps supported by Lagrangian photochemical box model calculations. These analyses yielded coherent pictures of transport processes causing elevated ozone concentrations in the Alps, and of the amount of ozone produced during transport over high-emission areas. Using measurement data, specific emission areas like the Po Basin, southern Germany, the “ Black Triangle “ region and some areas in eastern Europe were identified as important source regions, causing elevated ozone concentrations in the Alps. These statistics were supported by model calculations of transport and formation of ozone, giving similar results. Mesoscale transport processes and ozone formation in the boundary layer along the pathways were found to play an important role in determining Alpine ozone concentration levels. Ozone concentration tendencies along transport pathways were quantified climatologically using the box model. During the last 24 h of transport, concentration increases of 6-13 ppb, on the average, were found along 60-80% of all trajectories reaching the Alps, depending on the specific location. These estimates were confirmed by a measurement-based analysis of ozone formation during transport over the Po Basin, obtaining values of similar order of magnitude.

An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is located in Namche (3,570 m a.s.l.) in the Khumbu Valley. The meteorological station is part of a network of 6 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) installed over the past 10 years in the area of Sagarmatha National Park. The network takes hourly measurements of seven standard parameters: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, global radiation, total precipitation.

This archive includes non polar ice cores information from European glaciers available in the DISAT GEOMATIC LAB repository. A total of 7 different perforation site were investigated to recover 38 ice cores from 1973 to 2012

A distributed surface energy-balance study was performed to determine sub debris ablation across a large part of Baltoro glacier, a wide debris-covered glacier in the Karakoram range, Pakistan. The study area is ca 124km2. The study aimed primarily at analyzing the influence of debris thickness on the melt distribution. The spatial distribution of the physical and thermal characteristics of the debris was calculated from remote-sensing (ASTER image) and field data. Meteorological data from an automatic weather station at Urdukas (4022ma.s.l.), located adjacent to Baltoro glacier on a lateral moraine, were used to calculate the spatial distribution of energy available for melting during the period 1–15 July 2004. The model performance was evaluated by comparisons with field measurements for the same period. The model is reliable in predicting ablation over wide debris covered areas. It underestimates melt rates over highly crevassed areas and water ponds with a high variability of the debris thickness distribution in the vicinity, and over areas with very low debris thickness (<0.03 m). We also examined the spatial distribution of the energy-balance components (global radiation and surface temperature) over the study area. The results allow us to quantify, for the study period, a meltwater production of 0.058km3.