Topic
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
526 record(s)
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Aerosol size distribution from 10 nm to 500 nm is measured by aDifferential Mobility Particle Sizer (DMPS) installed at ICO-OV in November 2005.
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A Gas Chromatpgraph-FID (Agilent 6890N ) is used to measure carbon monoxide (CO) strating from January 2008.
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In order to point out and study transports of ozone rich air masses in the lower troposphere from the stratosphere/upper troposphere, continuous measurements of several parameters have been undertaken at Mt. Cimone during the European Community VOTALP project (Vertical Ozone Transport in the Alps). Several high values of surface ozone concentration due to vertical stratospheric-tropospheric exchanges have been recorded in the four mountain peak stations involved in this project (Jungfraujoch, Sonnblick, Zugspitze and Mt. Cimone) in 1996–1997. This paper presents and analyses data concerning the Mt. Cimone ground-based station, which is the highest peak of the Italian Northern Apennines and the most representative WMO-GAW site in Italy. Episodes of vertical exchange in the lower stratosphere, as tropopause folding, or in the upper troposphere, as down draft transport, have been registered at Mt. Cimone since March 1996 and subsequently studied. In fact, the comparison between the behaviours of different background trace gases at a mountain baseline station, the weather situations and the backward trajectory analyses can bring to light these events and be very useful for a better knowledge of transport phenomena. Correlation between high level of ozone concentration, chemical and meteorological parameters and three-dimensional backward trajectories relative to two particular events are herein presented.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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The Condensation Particle Counter (TSI model 3772) detects airborne particles with diameter ranging from 10 nm (counting efficiency > 50%) to 3 µm at an aerosol flow rate of 1.0 l/min, over a concentration range from 0 to 10exp4 particles/cm3.
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A M9003 integrating nephelometer (ECOTECH) measures the aerosol scattering coefficient at 525 nm since May 2007.
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This paper presents studies of stratospheric intrusions in the Alps and northern Apennines, their seasonal variations, and their effect on ozone concentrations. The results are based on experimental data and on simulations with a Lagrangian tracer model. The model, employing analyzed meteorological data, advects a passive stratospheric ozone tracer through the calculation of a large number of three-dimensional trajectories. In two case studies, the model is evaluated using a comprehensive set of observation data, consisting of water vapor satellite images, total column ozone measurements, ozone soundings, and measurements of ozone, beryllium 7 and meteorological parameters at three high Alpine sites and at the highest peak in the northern Apennines. During the two episodes considered, stratospheric air was detectable in the whole Alpine area with peak ozone mixing ratios in the 70–90 ppb range and even penetrated into some valleys. During one episode, stratospheric air also reached the northern Apennines, which highlights the large extension of the affected region. At the end of this episode, as shown by the model, the air was a mixture of tropospheric air with air originating from three different stratospheric intrusions. For three high Alpine sites, the frequency of stratospheric intrusions and its seasonal variation is derived using ozone, beryllium 7 and humidity measurements. The periods covered by this climatology are 1991 to 1997 for Zugspitze, and 1996 to 1998 for Jungfraujoch and Sonnblick. Another short climatology was established from a three-year (1995–1997) model simulation. Good agreement between the two approaches is found for Zugspitze and Sonnblick: the simulated ozone tracer mixing ratios are significantly higher on “intrusion days”, identified from the observations, than on “non-intrusion days”. For Jungfraujoch, the agreement is less good, which could partly be due to the coarser time resolution of the beryllium 7 measurements at this site. The absolute frequency of stratospheric air intrusions as identified from the observations depends critically on the specification of threshold values for ozone, beryllium 7 and humidity, while the relative shape of the annual cycle is rather insensitive to threshold variations. At Zugspitze and Sonnblick, it shows a maximum in October, a secondary maximum in January and February, and a deep summer minimum. For Jungfraujoch, where the frequency of intrusions is higher than at Zugspitze and Sonnblick throughout most of the year, no clear seasonal variation is found. Simulated ozone tracer mixing ratios in the Alps are found to peak in late-winter/early-spring, when ozone concentrations are at a maximum in the stratosphere, but are almost at the same level in autumn, due to somewhat higher frequency of stratospheric intrusions in that season. Similar to the observations, there is a deep minimum in summer, when the model showed practically no intrusions with a tropospheric age of less than four days.
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An integrating nephelometer (TSI 3563) to determine aerosol back scattering coefficient. These measurements include the aerosol back scattering coefficient at three wavelengths (450, 550 and 700 nm) since 2006.
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This archive includes non polar ice cores information from Monte Rosa glaciers available in the DISAT GEOMATIC LAB repository. A total of 11 ice cores were taken from 1976 to 2000 in different location: 10 on Colle Gnifetti, 1 on Colle del Lys
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UV-B (wavelengths: 280-315 nm) solar radiation is measured by a silicon photodiode (Skye SKU 430).