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Politecnico di Milano
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In the mountain regions of the Hindu Kush, Karakoram and Himalaya (HKH)the “third polar ice cap” of our planet, glaciers play the role of “water towers” by providing significant amount of melt water, especially in the dry season, essential for agriculture, drinking purposes, and hydropower production. Recently, most glaciers in the HKH have been retreating and losing mass, mainly due to significant regional warming, thus calling for assessment of future water resources availability for populations down slope. However, hydrology of these high altitude catchments is poorly studied and little understood. Most such catchments are poorly gauged, thus posing major issues in flow prediction therein, and representing in fact typical grounds of application of PUB concepts, where simple and portable hydrological modeling based upon scarce data amount is necessary for water budget estimation, and prediction under climate change conditions. In this preliminarily study, future (2060) hydrological flows in a particular watershed (Shigar river at Shigar, ca. 7000 km2), nested within the upper Indus basin and fed by seasonal melt from major glaciers, are investigated. The study is carried out under the umbrella of the SHAREPaprika project, aiming at evaluating the impact of climate change upon hydrology of the upper Indus river. We set up a minimal hydrological model, tuned against a short series of observed ground climatic data from a number of stations in the area, in situ measured ice ablation data, and remotely sensed snow cover data. The future, locally adjusted, precipitation and temperature fields for the reference decade 2050– 2059 from CCSM3 model, available within the IPCC’s panel, are then fed to the hydrological model. We adopt four different glaciers’ cover scenarios, to test sensitivity to decreased glacierized areas. The projected flow duration curves, and some selected flow descriptors are evaluated. The uncertainty of the results is then addressed, and use of the model for nearby catchments discussed. The proposed approach is valuable as a tool to investigate the hydrology of poorly gauged high altitude areas, and to project forward their hydrological behavior pending climate change.
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Italy - Dosdè (2126 m)
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The resource describes the field activities for hydrological activities held in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in the area of Braldo Valley. The network of sampling points in this valley is composed by: Brd01 Korophon Brd02 Bardumal Brd03 Paiju camp Brd04 Baltoro Brd05 Paiju bridge Brd06 Golibital Brd07 Askole Brd08 Shigar bridge Brd09 Khoburtse Brd10 Urdukas Brd11 Jola Brd12 Bardumal, Braldo river Brd13 Jula camp Brd14 Shigar restaurant Brd15 Dasso Brd09 Khoburtse Brd16 Liligo Brd17 Biafo bridge Brd19 Lomar Spang, Tistong (tank) Brd20 Tistong (tap1) Brd21 Chukhil, Dassu Brd22 Sarfloss, Dassu Brd23 Glacier before Khoburtse Brd24 Baltoro glacier's right Brd25 Askole (tank)
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Place: Changri Nup Country: Nepal Position latitude 27,97781 N longitude 86,78394 E elevation 5321 m.a.s.l. Datalogger Campbell Scientific - CR200X Sensor piezometric sensor STS atm.eco/n, 4-20 mA, 12V Power supply solar panel 20W + battery Pb 12V 16 Ah Installation date 06-05-12 Watershed area [km2] 0,35
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Survey 2012 Date: 21 maggio 2012 Measure System: salt tracer Q (m3/s): 0,014 q (m3/(s km2)): 0,016
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Place: Bardumal Country: Pakistan Position latitude 3945908 N longitude 7595751 E Drainage Area (km2) 1407 Icy Area (km2) 383238 Altitude (m a.s.l.)3217
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Place: Val Viola, near Federico hut Country: Italy Position latitude 46,41941 N longitude 10,19727 E elevation 2126 m.a.s.l. Datalogger Lastem E-log Sensor piezometric sensor Sensotek, 4-20 mA, 12V Power supply solar panel 5W + battery Pb 12V 5 Ah Installation date 26-07-09 Watershed area [km2] 17,12
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The resource describes the field activities for hydrological activities held in 2011, 2012 and 2013 in the area of Hunza-Nagar valleys. The network of sampling points in this valley is composed by: Ngr01 Hoper Ratal tank Ngr02 Hoper Haklshel river Ngr03 Hoper Broshal tap Ngr04 Hoper Glacier Ngr05 Barbar Karimabad Ngr06 Ultar ghiacciaio Ngr07 Karimabad Village tap Ngr08 Aliabad Bultanabad Tank Ngr09 Aliabad tap Bazar Market Ngr10 Assalabad Nala Glacier Ngr11 Hassanabad Hunza sorgente Ngr12 Hassanabad Hunza tap Ngr13 Daltho Summyar sorgente Ngr14 Daltho Summyar tap lower Ngr15 Jut Gulman village (Nagar) Ngr16 Minnapin Rakaposhi lower tap Ngr17 Pissan Sholee Ngr18 Minnapin Ghiacciaio Ngr19 Minnapinn lower tap Deran Hotel
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Survey 2013 Date: 20 aprile 2013 Measure System: flow tracker Q (m3/s): 1,659 q (m3/(s km2)): 0,0012 Date: 21 aprile 2013 Measure System: salt tracer Q (m3/s): 1,777 q (m3/(s km2)): 0,0013 Date: 22 aprile 2013 Measure System: salt tracer Q (m3/s): 1,399 q (m3/(s km2)): 0,0011 Date: 23 aprile 2013 Measure System: salt tracer Q (m3/s): 1,748 q (m3/(s km2)): 0,0013 Date: 22 aprile 2013 Measure System: topographic survey
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Place: Golabital, Biaho Lungpa Country: Pakistan Position: latitude 3948402 N longitude 587235 E Drainage Area (km2) :1749 Icy Area (km2): 411069 Altitude (m a.s.l.): 3098