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High Altitude
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It was the aim of the study to assess the maximal pressure generated by the inspiratory muscles (MIP) during exposure to different levels of altitude (i.e., hypobaric hypoxia). Eight lowlanders (2 females and 6 males), aged 27 - 46 years, participated in the study. After being evaluated at sea level, the subjects spent seven days at altitudes of more than 3000 metres. On the first day, they rode in a cable car from 1200 to 3200 metres and performed the first test after 45 - 60 minutes rest; they then walked for two hours to a mountain refuge at 3600 metres, where they spent three nights (days 2 - 3); on day 4, they walked for four hours over a glacier to reach Capanna Regina Margherita (4559 m), where they spent days 5 - 7. MIP, flow-volume curve and SpO (2) % were measured at each altitude, and acute mountain sickness (Lake Louise score) was recorded. Increasing altitude led to a significant decrease in resting SpO (2) % (from 98 % to 80 %) and MIP (from 134 to 111 cmH (2)O) (baseline to day 4: p < 0.05); there was an improvement in SpO (2) % and a slight increase in MIP during the subsequent days at the same altitude. Expiratory (but not inspiratory) flows increased, and forced vital capacity and FEF (75) decreased at higher altitudes. We conclude that exposure to high altitude hypoxia reduces the strength of the respiratory muscles, as demonstrated by the reduction in MIP and the lack of an increase in peak inspiratory flows. This reduction is more marked during the first days of exposure to the same altitude, and tends to recover during the acclimatisation process.
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NANO - SHARE is a project for the industrial technological development devoted to environmental monitoring in mountain areas and remote regions. The NANO-SHARE is a sophisticated technological system developed by CNR-ISAC and CNRS-LGGE with Ev-K2-CNR.
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The basic meteorological data are measured by a multi-sensor instrument . The Meteorological parameters measured are: - Air temperature unit[deg C], - Atmospheric pressure[hPa], - Relative humidity[%], - Wind speed[m/s] and direction[deg], - Precipitation[mm].
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Sulfur Hexafluoride is measured by using a GC-ECD (Agilent 6890N); separation is performed on a double column system (precolumn/backflush and analytical column, both Hayesep Q), isothemrically. Each run is 15 minute long. Each ambient air sample is bracketed with calibration runs. The working standards are based on NOAA2006 scale.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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In the Khumbu Valley, in the area of Sagarmatha National Park, a network of 6 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) has been installed over the past 10 years. Namche Station is part of the station network of automated measurement stations (AWSs) that were installed in the Eastern Himalayas: the AWSs are located at different altitudes, over a stretch oriented approximately 40 km south to north. The network takes hourly measurements of seven standard parameters: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, global radiation, total precipitation.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is located in Namche (3,570 m a.s.l.) in the Khumbu Valley. The meteorological station is part of a network of 6 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) installed over the past 10 years in the area of Sagarmatha National Park. The network takes hourly measurements of seven standard parameters: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, global radiation, total precipitation.
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Sulfur Hexafluoride is measured by using a GC-ECD (Agilent 6890N); separation is performed on a double column system (precolumn/backflush and analytical column, both Hayesep Q), isothemrically. Each run is 15 minute long. Each ambient air sample is bracketed with calibration runs. The working standards are based on NOAA2006 scale.