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High Altitude
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NANO - SHARE is a project for the industrial technological development devoted to environmental monitoring in mountain areas and remote regions. The NANO-SHARE is a sophisticated technological system developed by CNR-ISAC and CNRS-LGGE with Ev-K2-CNR.
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It was the aim of the study to assess the maximal pressure generated by the inspiratory muscles (MIP) during exposure to different levels of altitude (i.e., hypobaric hypoxia). Eight lowlanders (2 females and 6 males), aged 27 - 46 years, participated in the study. After being evaluated at sea level, the subjects spent seven days at altitudes of more than 3000 metres. On the first day, they rode in a cable car from 1200 to 3200 metres and performed the first test after 45 - 60 minutes rest; they then walked for two hours to a mountain refuge at 3600 metres, where they spent three nights (days 2 - 3); on day 4, they walked for four hours over a glacier to reach Capanna Regina Margherita (4559 m), where they spent days 5 - 7. MIP, flow-volume curve and SpO (2) % were measured at each altitude, and acute mountain sickness (Lake Louise score) was recorded. Increasing altitude led to a significant decrease in resting SpO (2) % (from 98 % to 80 %) and MIP (from 134 to 111 cmH (2)O) (baseline to day 4: p < 0.05); there was an improvement in SpO (2) % and a slight increase in MIP during the subsequent days at the same altitude. Expiratory (but not inspiratory) flows increased, and forced vital capacity and FEF (75) decreased at higher altitudes. We conclude that exposure to high altitude hypoxia reduces the strength of the respiratory muscles, as demonstrated by the reduction in MIP and the lack of an increase in peak inspiratory flows. This reduction is more marked during the first days of exposure to the same altitude, and tends to recover during the acclimatisation process.
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The Pyramid station is equipped with sensor (CM3 Kipp&Zonen) for measuring Flux Parameter. In particolar the sensor measures: Incoming and outgoing shortwave radiation.
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The basic meteorological data are measured by a multi-sensor instrument . The Meteorological parameters measured are: - Air temperature unit[deg C], - Atmospheric pressure[hPa], - Relative humidity[%], - Wind speed[m/s] and direction[deg], - Precipitation[mm].
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An Automatic Weather Station (AWS) is located in Namche (3,570 m a.s.l.) in the Khumbu Valley. The meteorological station is part of a network of 6 Automatic Weather Stations (AWSs) installed over the past 10 years in the area of Sagarmatha National Park. The network takes hourly measurements of seven standard parameters: temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed and direction, global radiation, total precipitation.
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Measurements of trace gas concentration Carbon monoxide (CO) by using a Gas Chromotograph-RGD. Contained fields:Carbon monoxide[ppbv] Time Interval: hourly Sampling Type continuous Measurements started on Jan 2007 with a modified version of a commercial RGD2-Trace Analytical analyser and are still ongoing.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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Continuous surface ozone measurements conducted since 1996 within the Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) programme of the World Meteorological Organization.
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The Condensation Particle Counter (TSI model 3772) detects airborne particles with diameter ranging from 10 nm (counting efficiency > 50%) to 3 µm at an aerosol flow rate of 1.0 l/min, over a concentration range from 0 to 10exp4 particles/cm3.