The Pyramid Meteorological Network, located in Himalaya (Nepal), on the southern slopes of Mt. Everest is composed of 7 meteorological stations located between 2660 and 7986 m a.s.l., which have collected continuous climatic data during the last 30 years (1994-2023). These data are here available for download and specific for each parameter and each station on the dedicated Geoportal: https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/portal/index.php/data/

The CNR 4 net radiometer consists of a pyranometer pair, one facing upward, the other facing downward, and a pyrgeometer pair in a similar configuration. The pyranometer pair measures the short-wave radiation. And the pyrgeometer pair measures long-wave radiation. The upper long-wave detector of CNR 4 has a meniscus dome. This ensures that water droplets role off easily and improves the field of view to nearly 180°, compared with a 150° for a flat window. All 4 sensors are integrated directly into the instrument body, instead of separate modules mounted onto the housing. But are each calibrated individually for optimal accuracy. Two temperature sensors, a Pt-100 and Thermistor, are integrated for compatibility with every data logger. The temperature sensor is used to provide information to correct the infrared readings for the temperature of the instrument housing. Care has been taken to place the long-wave sensors close to each other and close to the temperature sensors. This assures that the temperatures of the measurement surfaces are the same and accurately known. Which improves the quality of the long-wave measurements. Technical Characteristics: Spectral range: 300 to 2800 (short wave) nm Spectral range: 4500 to 42000 (long wave) nm Sensitivity: 5 to 20 µV/W/m² Temperature dependence of sensitivity (-10 ºC to +40 ºC) : < 4 % Response time: < 18 s Non-linearity: < 1 % Operating temperature: -40 to 80 °C Ventilation power (of the optional CNF 4 ventilation unit): 10 W

The Rwenzori Mountains (called also “Mountains of the Moon”), with heights of up to 5,109 m asl., are located in the central Africa, on the border between Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo, in the Ugandan National Park an UNESCO World Heritage Site. In the Rwenzori Range some of the main peaks are covered with permanent snow and glacier, while the lower slopes are covered with dense forest. Besides there are several massifs such as Point Margherita, the third highest African summit after, Mt. Kilimanjaro and Mt. Kenya. The first AWS (Automatic Weather Station) RW was installed, in Uganda, in the western part of the Stanley Plateau, on July 18, 2006. This station worked in continuous from 2006 to 2009. In 2009 the station interruppted its work due to difficult environmental conditions, and in 2013 this station was replaced with a new one. Geographical coordinates: - Latitude: 0° 22' 34.55" N - Longitude: 29° 52' 43.24" E - Elevation: 4.750 m a.s.l.

In the summer of 2007 was placed on Dosdè Glacier (Upper Valtellina, Group Cima Piazzi) a new automatic weather station (AWS) which will provide important data on the evolution of high mountains. This station located at 2850 m asl permits to collect data on above glacial thermal conditions and incoming and outcoming energetic fluxes.This automatic weather station represent the highest Lombardy permanent station on glacier and its data can be comparable to those collected by AWS Forni in order to verify the effects of climate change on glacial size and micro-meteorological parameters.

At the end of March 2006 a Cimel CE-318 sunphotometer was installed. It provides a characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical properties of the air column above the station. These measurements allow to follow the time evolution of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at eight wavelengths, plus other properties as single scattering albedo (SSA, fundamental in computing the aerosol effects on solar radiation), particle size distribution (SD, fundamental in assessing the ABC effects on formation and lifetime of water vapor clouds) and refractive index.

At Askole Station, a CM6B Pyranometer was installed. This sensor is manufactured by Kipp&Zonen (The Netherlands) company. The CM6B Pyranometer is suitable for the routine measurement of incoming global solar radiation (0.3 to 2.8 µm spectral range), diffuse sky irradiance measurements, and surface reflected solar radiation measurement research.

Sun photometer ( Cimel CE-318) measurements of the direct (collimated) solar radiation provide information to calculate the columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). AOD can be used to compute columnar water vapor (Precipitable Water) and estimate the aerosol size using the Angstrom parameter relationship. Sunphotometer from March 2006 provides a characterization of aerosol optical and microphysical properties of the air column above the station. It is an automatic sun-tracking and sky radiometer for measuring the aerosol optical depth at 8 wavelengths between 340 and 1020 nm.

At Askole Station, a CX115P Barometer was installed. This sensor is manufactured by Lsi-Lastem (Italy) company. The sensor measures atmospheric pressure.

A three wavelength integrating nephelometer to determine aerosol total and back scattering coefficients.

An integrating nephelometer (TSI 3563) to determine aerosol back scattering coefficient. These measurements include the aerosol back scattering coefficient at three wavelengths (450, 550 and 700 nm) since 2006.