At the AWS Kala Patthar station the DQA030 rain gauge is manufactured by LSI-Lastem equipped with a siphon placed on the cone's nozzle; it has two functions: during light rain the drizzle falls on the bascule without moving it and therefore evaporates without being measured; during heavy rain, it regulates the flow into the bascule permitting all the water to fall inside. LSI-LASTEM rain gauges have stainless steel housing whereas the cone has been designed to avoid the drops splash phenomena and to allow water droplets to dribble down inside even in case of very light rain. The rain gauge can be placed either directly on the ground by means of the DYA042 base plate or mounted on the top or the side of 50 mm diameter. For sites with sub-zero temperatures, the thermostatic heated models ensure the complete melting of snow, even at extreme temperature, whereas minimizing losse of evaporation; these models are insulated to reduce heat dispersion. Technical characteristic: Collettor surface area: 324 cmq Collector area diameter: 203 mm Measurement range: Max 10 mm/min Resolution: 0.2 mm/imp. (opt. 0.1, 0.5 mm/imp) Accuracy: 0-1 mm/min: +- 1 basculata/tip 1-10 mm/min:1% Contact: 1 reed (opt. N.2 REED) 0.5 a/24v non inductive Pulse duration: 100 msec+-50 Collector cone material: Aluminium External housing material: Aluminium Tipping bucket material: Aluminium

At the AWS Namche station the DQA035 Lsi-Lastem rain gauge is mounted on a 1,5 m mast. This model of Rain gauge has a 1.000 cmq collector area. The measurement device is composed of a collector cone and a double chamber bascule connected to a magnete that operates one (optional two) reed switch, which generates impulses that can be counted by external meters: each impulse is equal to 0.2 mm of rain (optional from 0.1 to 0.5 mm). The mechanical and electrical specifications are: - Collector surface area: 1000 cmq - Collector area diameter: 420 mm - Measurements range: 180 mm/hr - Resolution: o,2 mm/imp. (opt. 0,1; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; mm/imp.) - Accuracy: 0-1 mm/min: 1% 1-3 mm/min: 2% 3-5 mm/min: 4% 5-10 mm/min: 8% - Contact: 1 reed (opt. N.2 reed) 0,5 A/24V non inductive - Pulse duration: 100 msec.± 5 - Collector cone material: Brass - External housing material: Inox AISI30 - Tipping bucket material: Alluminium - Cable: 10 m - Weight: 6,3 kg - Power supply: /thermocover 100 W, 24 Vca/Va

At the AWS Lukla station the DQA035 Lsi-Lastem rain gauge is mounted on a 1,5 m pole. This model of Rain gauge has a 1.000 cmq collector area. The measurement device is composed of a collector cone and a double chamber bascule connected to a magnete that operates one (optional two) reed switch, which generates impulses that can be counted by external meters: each impulse is equal to 0.2 mm of rain (optional from 0.1 to 0.5 mm). The mechanical and electrical specifications are: - Collector surface area: 1000 cmq - Collector area diameter: 420 mm - Measurements range: 180 mm/hr - Resolution: o,2 mm/imp. (opt. 0,1; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; mm/imp.) - Accuracy: 0-1 mm/min: 1%; 1-3 mm/min: 2%; 3-5 mm/min: 4%; 5-10 mm/min: 8% - Contact: 1 reed (opt. N.2 reed) 0,5 A/24V non inductive - Pulse duration: 100 msec.± 5 - Collector cone material: Brass - External housing material: Inox AISI30 - Tipping bucket material: Alluminium - Cable: 10 m - Weight: 6,3 kg - Power supply: /thermocover 100 W, 24 Vca/Va

In Lukla the CX115P Lsi-Lastem barometer is connected with a measurement system (recorder, data logger) that accepts analog signals. The barometer works according to the piezometric principle: a resistive film is deposited on a slice of silica with a bridge form; as the pressure changes, the slice will deform and consequently changes the system's resistance. The CX115P model mounts a special thermal compensation system that significantly reduces drift. General characteristics: Range: 800 ž 1100 hPa (1 hPa=1 mBar) Sea level correction range: -300...+2000 mt. Thermal drift: 0,01 hPa/°C (-10..+60°C) Linearity&Hysteresis: < 0,3% of the range Overload: max. 2 Pa Load resi stance: Current output types: <500W. Power consumption: 3 W Response time (T90): 1 ms Environmental limits: -25 .. +60°C Output connections: terminals Weight: 650 gr. Housing case material: Plastic Protection: IP40 Downward cable outlet

The Win-Situ multiparametric probe TROLL 9500 (Water level, water temperature, water conductivity and turbidity) was installed on 2nd July 2012 with the aim of providing a general assessment of quantity and quality of the running water network in Sagarmatha National Park (Dud Koshi basin) with a special focus on the evaluation of the climate change (CC) occurred at local and region level and its possible effects on water availability. From August 2014 the station is powered with photovoltaic system. Geographical coordinates: Latitude: 27° 53' 0.4" N Longitude: 86° 49' 6.3” E Elevation (m): 4222 Water Level: - Accuracy: ±0.05% FS; Range: 15 psi Water temperature: - Accuracy::±0.1°C; Range:-5°C ÷ +50°C; Methodology: EPA 170.1 Conductivity: -Accuracy::±5%; Methodology: Std.Mthds. 2510, EPA 120.1 Turbidity: -Accuracy::±5% or 2 NTU; Range:0 NTU ÷ 2000 NTU; Methodology: ISO 7027

Since 2014, the Digital Barometer PTB330, by VAISALA, is installed. Vaisala BAROCAP® Digital Barometer PTB330 is a new generation barometer, designed for a wide range of high-end atmospheric pressure measurement. -Vaisala BAROCAP® sensor -Accurate measurement -Excellent long-term stability -Added reliability through redundancy -Graphical trend display with 1-year history data -Altitude corrected pressure (QFE, QNH) -For professional use in meteorology, aviation, laboratories, and demanding industrial applications

At the AWS Pheriche station the DQA035 Lsi-Lastem rain gauge is mounted on a 1,5 m pole. This model of Rain gauge has a 1.000 cmq collector area. The measurement device is composed of a collector cone and a double chamber bascule connected to a magnete that operates one (optional two) reed switch, which generates impulses that can be counted by external meters: each impulse is equal to 0.2 mm of rain (optional from 0.1 to 0.5 mm). The mechanical and electrical specifications are: - Collector surface area: 1000 cmq - Collector area diameter: 420 mm - Measurements range: 180 mm/hr - Resolution: o,2 mm/imp. (opt. 0,1; 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; mm/imp.) - Accuracy: 0-1 mm/min: 1% 1-3 mm/min: 2% 3-5 mm/min: 4% 5-10 mm/min: 8% - Contact: 1 reed (opt. N.2 reed) 0,5 A/24V non inductive - Pulse duration: 100 msec.± 5 - Collector cone material: Brass - External housing material: Inox AISI30 - Tipping bucket material: Alluminium - Cable: 10 m - Weight: 6,3 kg - Power supply: /thermocover 100 W, 24 Vca/Va

Since 2013, the Digital Barometer PTB330, by VAISALA, is installed in Lukla. Vaisala BAROCAP® Digital Barometer PTB330 is a new generation barometer, designed for a wide range of high-end atmospheric pressure measurement. -Vaisala BAROCAP® sensor -Accurate measurement -Excellent long-term stability -Added reliability through redundancy -Graphical trend display with 1-year history data -Altitude corrected pressure (QFE, QNH) -For professional use in meteorology, aviation, laboratories, and demanding industrial applications