The CNR1 net radiometer by Kipp & Zonen is for applications requiring research-grade performance. The radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave IR radiation versus surface-reflected short-wave and outgoing long-wave IR radiation. The CNR1 consists of a pyranometer and pyrgeometer pair that faces upward and a complementary pair that faces downward. The pyranometers and pyrgeometers measure short-wave and far infrared radiation, respectively. The CNR1 also includes an RTD to measure the radiometer’s internal temperature and a heater that can be used to prevent condensation. CNR1 Specifications Sensors: Kipp & Zonen’s CM3 ISO-class, thermopile pyranometer, CG3 pyrgeometer, PT100 RTD Spectral Response -Pyranometer: 305 to 2800 nm -Pyrgeometer: 5000 to 50,000 nm Response Time: 18 seconds Sensitivity Range: 7 to 15 ?V W-1 m2 Output Range -Pyranometer: 0 to 25 mV -Pyrgeometer: ±5 mV Expected Accuracy for Daily Totals: ±10% Directional Error: <25 W m-2 (pyranometer) Heating Resistor: 24 Ohms, 6 W at 12 Vdc CE Compliance: CE compliant under the European Union’s EMC directive

The CombiSD DNA022 Lsi-Lastem combined wind speed-direction sensor is mounted on a 5m pole. The CombiSD sensor includes, in a single apparatus, the both transducers for measuring wind speed and wind direction. Its use simplifies the installation and the plant design in respect of the sensors with separate measurements plus giving some other advantages being smaller, lighter and cheaper. The CombiSD DNA022: sensor has a direct signal output. Frequency (Hz) for wind speed and resistance (Ohm) for wind direction. the CombiSD has low power consumption, it can be used in systems with small energy availability. The technical characteristics are: - Principle of operation: 3 cups and vane anemometer - Speed sensor: Optoelectronic disk - Direction sensor: 2000 Ohm wire potentiometer / Positioning Hall effect sensor - Housing: Heavy gauge anodised aluminium - Shaft carriers: Low-torque stainless steel bearings - Protection (vertical position): IP65 - Mechanical mounting: On 48 50 mm diameter mast - Electrical outlet terminators: IP65 watertight connector - Weight (instrument with rotors): 950 gr. The Physical and operational specification are: - damage threshold > 75 m/s - operating temperature: -30°+70°C The speed measures are specified by: - Measurement range: 0-60 m/s (using transfer function) - Threshold: 0,21 m/s - Response time (63% at 5 m/s): 0.8 s - Distance constant (delay distance) at 5 m/s: 4 m - Resolution (integration time=1s): 0.05 m/s - Accuracy & Linearity: 0,1 m/s+1%VL (readout), if connected to LASTEM data loggers. The direction measures are specified by: - Measurement range: 0 ÷ 360 - Threshold: 0,15 m/s - Response time (at 5 m/s): 0,26 s - Delay distance (at 5 m/s): 1,32 m - Damping coefficient (VDI3786): 0,21 - Transfer function: Dir(°)= 355 x R(Ohm)/2000 - Resolution: 0,1 - Accuracy: 1% FS (Full scale) - Integral linearity: 0,5%

The CNR1 net radiometer by Kipp & Zonen is for applications requiring research-grade performance. The radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave IR radiation versus surface-reflected short-wave and outgoing long-wave IR radiation. The CNR1 consists of a pyranometer and pyrgeometer pair that faces upward and a complementary pair that faces downward. The pyranometers and pyrgeometers measure short-wave and far infrared radiation, respectively. The CNR1 also includes an RTD to measure the radiometer’s internal temperature and a heater that can be used to prevent condensation. CNR1 Specifications Sensors: Kipp & Zonen’s CM3 ISO-class, thermopile pyranometer, CG3 pyrgeometer, PT100 RTD Spectral Response -Pyranometer: 305 to 2800 nm -Pyrgeometer: 5000 to 50,000 nm Response Time: 18 seconds Sensitivity Range: 7 to 15 ?V W-1 m2 Output Range -Pyranometer: 0 to 25 mV -Pyrgeometer: ±5 mV Expected Accuracy for Daily Totals: ±10% Directional Error: <25 W m-2 (pyranometer) Heating Resistor: 24 Ohms, 6 W at 12 Vdc CE Compliance: CE compliant under the European Union’s EMC directive

The DQA240 model is a sensor manifactured by LSI-Lastem (Italy), has been installed in 2005 on Dosdè station. This instrument permit to measure atmospheric pressure. Technical characteristics: - range: 800-1100 hPa - effect of thermal: 0.1hPa/°C - maximum pressure limit: 2000 hPa - Load resistance: >100kOhm - weight: 130 gr

At the AWS Fornim the DQASS3 barometer has been installed since 2005 and permits to measures atmospheric pressure. DQA221-223 models use a thermocompensation system to reduce the thermal effect on the pressure measurement, furthermore on those models the analogue output is locally selectable. Technical characteristics: Range: 800-1100 hPa (1hPa=1 m Bar) Effect of thermal: 0.01 hPa/°C Accuracy: 1 hPa Maximum pressure limit: 2000 hPa Load resistance: 300 Ohm Power consumption: 1 W Environmental limit: -30 + 60°C Weight: 650 gr Protection: IP43 Druwing: 2

At the Forni AWS the DMA570 Lsi-Lastem Thermohygrometer is mounted on a 2 m pole. It is a probe for measuring air temperature and air relative humidity with replaceable sensitive element for simplify calibration and maintenance. LSI-Lastem supplies a precise and reliable set of probes, suitable for a continuous measurement in severe environments, in presence of deep thermal and hygrometric ranges with high sun radiant heat. An important feature of this set of sensor is that the thermohygrometric sensitive element is easily replaceable, in order to have a simple and rapid ordinary maintenance and avoiding calibration. The Thermohygrometer has supported a considerable improvement, owing to a deep technical and styling development process: a fan ensures a continuos air change around the sensor in order to eliminate temperature fault caused by radiant heat. For temperature: Range -30.+70°C Sensitive element Pt100 1/3 DIN-B Accuracy ± 0,1°C (0°C) Hysteresis&Repeatability na Resolution 0,025°C Long term stability -0.04% (after 5 years at 200°C) Calibration uncertainty 0,1°C Response time (T63) Wind speed 0,3-0,5 m/s: 80sec Radiation shield efficiency with respect to forced ventilation sensor (wind 0,5m/s, rad.800 W/m2): +0,6°C For relative humidity: Range: Nom.0..100%, Eff.10..98% Sensitive element Capacitive Accuracy 2,5% (11-90%) 0,6°C (20°C, 50%RH) Hysteresis&Repeatability 0,5% Resolution 0,2% Long term stability -2%/year (at 75%RH) n.a. Calibration uncertainty 0,1°C 1,5% na Response time (T63) Wind speed 0,3-0,5 m/s: 80sec Radiation shield efficiency with respect to forced ventilation sensor (wind 0,5m/s, rad.800 W/m2): n.a. General characteristic: Ventilation: Natural Electric output Jumper locally selectable 2 x 0-20 mA, 4-20 mA, 0-5 V, 1-5 V. 60-300 mV Output signals Output n.1: temperature. Output n.2: RH% or dew point (default RH%) Operating temperature -30°+70°C Sampling rate 1 sec. (default) PC programmable 1..300 sec. N°acquisitions for mobile average calculation: N°1 (default), PC programmable 1..20 acquisitions Load resistance (mA output): DMA570 300 Ohm

The SR50 is a rugged, acoustic distance sensor that is manufactured by Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp. It measures the elapsed time between emission and return of an ultrasonic pulse. This measurement can be used to determine snow or water depth. An air temperature measurement is required to correct for variations of the speed of sound in air. The SR50 was designed to meet the stringent requirements of measuring depths and uses a multiple echo processing algorithm to help ensure measurement reliability. Technical characteristics: - Emits acoustic pulse and measures travel time; air temperature measurement required - Measurement range 0.5 to 10 m (1.6 to 32.8 ft) - Accuracy ±1.0 cm (±0.4 in) or ±0.4% of distance to target whichever is greater - Measures water level or snow depth - Manufactured by Campbell Scientific (Canada) Corp.