Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Tekran 2537 Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) analyser. The Model 2537A Mercury Vapour Analyzer provides continuous analysis of total gaseous mercury (TGM) in air at sub-ng/m3 (parts per trillion (ppt) and parts per quadrillion (ppq)) levels. The instrument samples air and traps mercury vapour into a cartridge containing an ultra-pure gold adsorbent. The amalgamated mercury is thermally desorbed and detected using Cold Vapour Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (CVAFS). A dual cartridge design allows alternate sampling and desorption, resulting in continuous measurement of the air stream.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Tekran 1130 Oxidized Mercury Speciation Module. The Model 1130 Oxidized Mercury Speciation Unit expands the Model 2537 Mercury Vapor Analyser capabilities to simultaneously monitor elemental and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM and RGM) species in ambient air. It includes a Denuder module, a Pump module and the Zero Air Dryer Module. A specially coated annular denuder captures reactive mercury while allowing elemental mercury to pass through. During the sampling (adsorption) phase, the Model 2537 provides real time measurement of elemental mercury. During the analysis (desorption) phase, the denuder is flooded with Zero Air and heated. The captured reactive mercury is thermally desorbed and reduced to elemental form. The Model 2537 detects this eluted mercury, providing a measurement of total reactive mercury captured during the previous sampling period. The desorption process also regenerates the denuder coating. After cooling, the denuder is ready for another cycle. All timing parameters on the Model 1130 are programmable, allowing automatic RGM readings to be taken at user specified intervals.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 100E sulphur dioxide analyser. The Model 100E is an analyser that determines the concentration of sulphur dioxide (SO2) in a sample gas drawn through the instrument’s sample chamber where it is exposed to ultraviolet light causing any SO2 present to fluoresce.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Fai Optical Particle Counter (OPC). The Hydra OPC is a multichannel optical particle counter for the real-time granulometric distribution characterization of the airborne particulate matter in the granulometric range involved in fine and coarse mass accumulation. Such a characterization gives both the particles number concentration of eight granulometric intervals ([µm]: 0.28, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7, 1.1, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0) of the measurement field and mass concentration data of the PM10, PM2,5 and PM1 fractions. The instrument holds a dryer cartridge suitable to keep the dilution air relative humidity under 60%. Measurement principle is based on laser scattering on elliptical mirror. The instrument gives counts per minute, with a dimensional sensitivity of 0.28 µm (50 ± 10% count efficiency).

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Tekran 1135 Particulate Mercury Analyser. The Model 1135 Particulate Mercury Module enables to continuously monitor ambient air particulate bound mercury (HgP). It is used with the Model 1130 Speciation Unit and the Model 2537 Mercury Analyser. During sampling, the coarse particle fraction (> 2.5 um) is captured in a heated impactor so that they do not enter the system. Reactive gaseous mercury species in the atmosphere are then captured in the Model 1130 Denuder Module. The fine fraction particulate bound mercury species are then trapped onto a unique quartz regenerable filter located within the Model 1135. Elemental mercury passes through both units and is continuously analyzed by the Model 2537. The sampling period and flow rate are programmable, and are usually set to be in the range 30 minutes to 3 hours at 10 L/m. These long sampling times and large flow rates are required to accumulate enough material for analysis.