Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Picarro G2401 methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water analyser. The Model G2401 is based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), capable of measuring the concentrations e compounds. This technique enables measurement of absolute optical extinction by samples that scatter and absorb light. A laser is used to illuminate a high-finesse optical cavity, which consists of two highly reflective mirrors. When the laser is in resonance with a cavity mode, intensity builds up in the cavity due to constructive interference. The laser is then turned off in order to allow the measurement of the exponentially decaying light intensity leaking from the cavity. During this decay, light is reflected back and forth thousands of times between the mirrors giving an effective path length for the extinction on the order of a few kilometres.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Ecotech Aurora 3000 Nephelometer. The Model Aurora 3000 measures continuously and in real-time, light scattering (the scattering coefficient σsp) in a sample of ambient air due to the presence of particulate matter at three wavelengths (450 Blue, 525 Green and 635 Red). These measurements are combined with backscatter measurements that only sample 90° - 170°, therefore allowing a more in depth analysis of particle scattering. Forward scatter are calculated from subtracting backscatter from total scatter. The measured values are adjusted automatically and in real-time by on-board temperature and pressure sensors.

Geographical Coordinates: - Latitude: 39.315965 N - Longitude: 16.423240 E Altitude: 1768 m asl Originally located near the town of Longobucco (1379 m above sea level), the new sites was selected following an analysis of representativeness as part of I- AMICA. The station is part of the GMOS network (www.gmos.eu) and belongs to the sub-network of high altitude stations. This measurement site has a clear 360 degrees horizon enabling measurement of low stratosphere air masses. The formerly skylift station was completely adapted and now holds all I-AMICA instruments that are directly connected to the Internet. A number of facilities make the station suitable for high level research, which include: Internet through a satellite network, service facilities (gas distribution, electrical system, air conditioning), UPS and a video surveillance system. The following are measured: Gaseous Elemental Mercury, Reactive Gaseous Mercury, Particle Bounded Mercury, Sulphur dioxide, Carbon oxide, Carbon dioxide, Ozone, Methane, Nitrogen oxides, PM10 and 2,5, Black Carbon, Particulate scattering, Number of particles and meteorological parameters.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 200AU nitrogen oxide analyser. The Model 200AU uses chemiluminescence detection, coupled with microprocessor technology to provide ambient nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the total nitrogen oxides (NOx). It calculates the amount of NO by measuring the amount of chemiluminescence given off when the sample gas is exposed to ozone (O3). A catalytic-reactive converter converts any NO2 in the sample gas to NO, which is then measured as above (including the original NO in the sample gas) and reported as NOx. NO2 is calculated as the difference between NOX and NO.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 300E carbon monoxide analyser. The Model 300E uses a method based on the Beer-Lambert law, an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling over a defined distance. In this case the light is infrared radiation (IR) travelling through a sample chamber filled with gas bearing a varying concentration of CO.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 701 zero air generator. The Model 701 is a source of clean, dry air for dilution calibrators. It also may be used as a source of purge air for permeation tube ovens or burner air for FID analysers. The regenerative, heatless dryer removes water and produces gas with a dewpoint of less than -20°C (up to 15 SLPM flow rate) independent of the inlet dewpoint and assists in the removal of other gases, greatly increasing the life of the chemical scrubbers. The basic M701 includes an oil and diaphragm free pump plus scrubbers to remove SO2, NO, NO2, O3 and H2S. Optional high performance scrubbers are available to remove CO and Hydrocarbons. Inlet air is pulled into the pump and routed through a pre-cooler and water trap to remove moisture.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 360E carbon monoxide analyser. The Model 360E uses a method based on the Beer-Lambert law, an empirical relationship that relates the absorption of light to the properties of the material through which the light is travelling over a defined distance. In this case the light is infrared radiation (IR) travelling through a sample chamber filled with gas bearing a varying concentration of CO2.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 700 mass flow calibrator. The Model M700 can generate diluted calibration gas including ozone, gas phase titration (NO2) from gas cylinders, or from a permeation tube source gas. Each concentration is generated precisely by mixing the gas with diluent zero air in which the mixing ratio is controlled by the mass flow controller. The diluent air mass flow controller has a range of 10 SLPM (20 SLPM option), and the gas mass flow controller has a range of 100 cc/min. (0-50 cc/min., 0-200cc/min. options). The mass flow controllers assure a precise mixing ratio for accurate and precise calibration gas generation using the state-of- the-art electronic closed-loop control.