Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Picarro G2401 methane, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water analyser. The Model G2401 is based on cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS), capable of measuring the concentrations e compounds. This technique enables measurement of absolute optical extinction by samples that scatter and absorb light. A laser is used to illuminate a high-finesse optical cavity, which consists of two highly reflective mirrors. When the laser is in resonance with a cavity mode, intensity builds up in the cavity due to constructive interference. The laser is then turned off in order to allow the measurement of the exponentially decaying light intensity leaking from the cavity. During this decay, light is reflected back and forth thousands of times between the mirrors giving an effective path length for the extinction on the order of a few kilometres.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Ecotech Aurora 3000 Nephelometer. The Model Aurora 3000 measures continuously and in real-time, light scattering (the scattering coefficient σsp) in a sample of ambient air due to the presence of particulate matter at three wavelengths (450 Blue, 525 Green and 635 Red). These measurements are combined with backscatter measurements that only sample 90° - 170°, therefore allowing a more in depth analysis of particle scattering. Forward scatter are calculated from subtracting backscatter from total scatter. The measured values are adjusted automatically and in real-time by on-board temperature and pressure sensors.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Fai SWAM Dual Particulate Matter Sampler. The SWAM is a dual channel sampler for particulate matter, and a mass measurement technique. The system combines field-proven beta attenuation analysis with dual-channel sequential sampling yielding simultaneously PM10, PM2.5 and total mass concentration.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: TSI Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The Model SMPS is designed for long-term measurement of aerosol particles and over there in highly burden regions. It is a mobility particle size spectrometer, which can measure continuously the particle number size distribution in a size range from 10 to 800 Nanometres. The temporal resolution to measure a complete particle number size distribution is approximately 5 minutes. Equipment is based on TSI CPC 3775.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: Thermo Scientific Multiangle Absorption Photometer (MAAP). The MAAP 5012 measures black carbon content of aerosols determined by simultaneous measurement of optical absorption and scattering of light by the particles collected on the glass fiber tape. The minimum detection limit are: 2 min. average less than 100ng/m3; 10 min. average less than 50ng/m3; 30 min. average less than 100ng/m3.

Monte Curcio (MCU) instruments: API Teledyne 400E ozone analyser. The Model 400E is an analyser that determines the concentration of ozone (O3) based on the Beer-Lambert law for measuring low ranges of ozone in ambient air. A 254 nm UV light signal is passed through the sample cell where it is absorbed in proportion to the amount of ozone present.