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CNR - ISAC
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Misure continuative di ozono superficiale sono eseguite presso l'Osservatorio Climatico – Ambientale di Lecce attraverso un analizzatore ad assorbimento UV Thermo 49i. La risoluzione temporale dei dati grezzi e' pari ad 1 minuto. Ogni 24 ore vengono eseguiti in modo automatico controlli di zero e span utilizzando una sorgente esterna di aria pulita ed un generatore interno di ozono. Nell’ambito del network I-AMICA esso sarà tarato attraverso un calibratore secondario riferito alla scala internazionale GAW-WMO. Instrument (Thermo 49i) is connected by a Teflon pipe (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Teflon material) are present at the instrument inlet (changed every 30 days). Internal span source (ozonator) and external zero source (Purafill© filled cartridge) allow the daily execution of zero/span check. Instrument will be calibrated in-situ on a yearly basis against a travelling calibrator (thermos 49iPS) hosted at the “twin” I-AMICA station of Lecce. The travelling calibrator will be compared against the standard reference SRP15 hosted at the GAW WCC at EMPA. Data are recorded on a 1-minute basis by a station server and delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Bologna. Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the GAW Report No. 209 “Guidelines for Continuous Measurements of Ozone in the Troposphere”
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I parametri meteorologici (temperatura dell’aria, pressione atmosferica, umidità relativa, precipitazione, velocità e direzione del vento) sono misurati con una stazione meteorologica automatica Vaisala WXT520. Meteorological parameters (air-temperature, atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, rain precipitation, wind speed and direction) are measured by an automatic weather station (Vaisala WXT520). Technical details: Wind Speed (range: 0 - 60 m/s, response time: 250 ms, accuracy (0 - 35 m/s): ±0.3 m/s or ±3%, accuracy (35 - 60 m/s): ±5%; output resolutions: 0.1 m/s) units 0.1 mph, 0.1 knots Wind Direction (response time: 250 ms; accuracy ±3°; output resolution and unit 1°) Rainfall (output resolutions and units 0.01 mm, accuracy: 5%, Due to the nature of the phenomenon, deviations caused by spatial variations may exist in precipitation readings, specially in a short time scale. The accuracy specification does not include possible wind induced errors) Relative Humidity (Range: 0 - 100 %RH; Accuracy (0-90%): ±3 %. accuracu (90-100%):±5, output resolution and unit 0.1 %R) Barometric Pressure (Range: 600 - 1100 hPa; Accuracy (0 - +30 °C): ±0.5 hPa, accuracy (-52 - +60 °C ): ±1 hPa, Output resolutions and units: 0.1 hPa) Air Temperature (Range: -52 - +60 °C; Accuracy for sensor at +20 °C: ±0.3 °C)
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Remote sensing instrumentation: • Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry (DOAS), a technique allowing the determination of the abundance of atmospheric trace species. It is based on the light absorption in the near-UV and Vis regions, on the vertical distribution, of those pollutants with fine vibrational structures such as SO2, NO2, O3 etc. • Microtops II Sunphotometer ( Solar Light Co.) allows accurate measurement of aerosol optical thickness AOT) and direct solar irradiance at five wavelength bands which are determined using the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law.
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Le concentrazioni di CO, CO2, CH4 e la percentuale di H2O sono misurate utilizzando l’analizzatore PICARRO G2401; tale strumento si basa sulla tecnologia Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) che, dall’analisi dell’attenuazione di un segnale laser su un cammino ottico di 20 km, permette di valutare in modo accurato e selettivo le concentrazione dei gas. Lo strumento è stato tarato sulla base di miscele di taratura fornite dal World Calibration Center (NOAA-GMDL) della rete WMO/GAW. Ogni 48 ore vengono eseguite tarature di routine utilizzando working standard commerciali. Instrument (Picarro G2401) is connected by a Synflex 1300 (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Svagelock) are present at the instrument inlet. Scale and calibration: WMO-CH4-X2004, WMO-CO-X2014, WMO-CO2-X2007. Once the implementation phase will be ended (end of summer 2015), for each gas, two working standards (6 working standards in total) will be used for automatic calibration every 48h. These working standard will be calibrated every month against two travelling/secondary standards (6 travelling standards in total) which, on turn, will be calibrated, every six months against NOAA – GMDL reference cylinders (CB11039, CB11164, CB10928) hosted at the twin station “Lamezia Terme” and representing the laboratory primary standard. The working and secondary standards have CO2, CH4 and CO mole fractions representing upper and lower ranges of the expected ambient variability. Working standard (50 lt, Alluminum tanks at 150bar) and travelling standards (10 lt, Aluminum tanks at 150 bar) are provided by RIVOIRA (Praxair). Two-stage stainless steel pressure regulators for high purity gas are used (Praxiar RSD2SX). Currently and until the end of the implementation phase, manual calibration against the two working standard is carried out every 14days/1month by ISAC-CNR operators. The link to the NOAA-GMDL standard at Lamezia Terme is still not effective, thus currently the instrument is running with factory calibration parameter. Data are recorded on a 5sec basis by the Picarro internal PC and mirrored to a station server , then delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Bologna, where 1-minute average were calculated. Final aggregation to hourly average will be executed by using validated 1-min data. On hourly basis data will be flagged to identify “background” observations. This can be done both by considering wind sector (with the aim of selecting observations under sea breeze conditions, thus neglecting influence from in-land contributions) as well as by using de-spiking procedures as proposed by Thoning et al. [1989] . Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the: GAW Report No. 185 “Guidelines for the Measurement of Methane and Nitrous Oxide and their Quality Assurance”, GAW Report No. 192 “Guidelines for the Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide”; GAW Report No. 213 “17th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques”.
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The CNR4 Kipp & Zonen net radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave Far Infrared (FIR) radiation versus surface-reflected short-wave and outgoing long-wave radiation. The CNR 4 net radiometer consists of a pyranometer pair, one facing upward, the other facing downward, and a pyrgeometer pair in a similar configuration. The pyranometer pair measures the short-wave radiation. And the pyrgeometer pair measures long-wave radiation. The upper long-wave detector of CNR 4 has a meniscus dome. This ensures that water droplets role off easily and improves the field of view to nearly 180°, compared with a 150° for a flat window. All 4 sensors are integrated directly into the instrument body, instead of separate modules mounted onto the housing. But are each calibrated individually for optimal accuracy. Two temperature sensors, a Pt-100 and Thermistor, are integrated for compatibility with every data logger. The temperature sensor is used to provide information to correct the infrared readings for the temperature of the instrument housing. Care has been taken to place the long-wave sensors close to each other and close to the temperature sensors. This assures that the temperatures of the measurement surfaces are the same and accurately known. Which improves the quality of the long-wave measurements.
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Grazie ad un radiometro CNR4 Kipp & Zonen, sono misurate le componenti incidente e riflessa della radiazione solare short-wave (lunghezza d’onda) e long-wave (lunghezza d’onda). Il radiometro è stato tarato presso il World Calibration Center del WMO di Davos prima della sua installazione. The CNR 4 net radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave Far Infrared (FIR) radiation versus surface-reflected short-wave and outgoing long-wave radiation. The CNR 4 net radiometer consists of a pyranometer pair, one facing upward, the other facing downward, and a pyrgeometer pair in a similar configuration. The pyranometer pair measures the short-wave radiation. And the pyrgeometer pair measures long-wave radiation. The upper long-wave detector of CNR 4 has a meniscus dome. This ensures that water droplets role off easily and improves the field of view to nearly 180°, compared with a 150° for a flat window. All 4 sensors are integrated directly into the instrument body, instead of separate modules mounted onto the housing. But are each calibrated individually for optimal accuracy. Two temperature sensors, a Pt-100 and Thermistor, are integrated for compatibility with every data logger. The temperature sensor is used to provide information to correct the infrared readings for the temperature of the instrument housing. Care has been taken to place the long-wave sensors close to each other and close to the temperature sensors. This assures that the temperatures of the measurement surfaces are the same and accurately known. Which improves the quality of the long-wave measurements.
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Instrumental equipment infrastructure of Lamezia Terme. 1 . Measurement platform :• Experimental field of 1500m sq m• Laboratory of Electronics2 . Instrumentation for in situ measurements :• hygrometer , for measuring the temperature and relative atmospheric humidity ,• rain gauge , for measuring the precipitation liquid ,• barometer for measuring the atmospheric pressure,• pyranometer for the measurement of global solar radiation ,• cup anemometer and wind vane , for the measure of the magnitude and direction of the wind• soil thermometer , for measuring the temperature of the soil ( surface layer of 20 cm) ,• leaf wetness sensor , for measuring the surface wetting of the leaves ,• soil moisture sensor , for measuring soil moisture (at three levels deep)• pyranometer , model CM11 , for the measurement of global solar radiation ,• radiometer UV -B , UV - model S- BT , for the measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation B ,• net radiometer , model CNR1 , for the measurement of the budget of the incident radiation and outgoing from the surface.• R3 Gill Ultrasonic Anemometer for turbulent flows of time and temperature.• Ultrasonic Anemometer METEK for turbulent flows of time and temperature.• 2 gas analyzer IRGA fast NOAA for turbulent flows of Moisture ' and CO2• 2 temperature difference sensors (Risoe - DTU , DK -house )• Absolute temperature sensor (Risoe - DTU , DK, inhouse)
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• Experimental field of 1500m sq m • Laboratory of Electronics
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Geographical Coordinates: - Latitude: 38°52'34.71" N - Longitude: 16°13'56.00" E The station of Lamezia Terme CNR-ISAC is located in a remote position, 500 m from the coastline on a wide plain of Lamezia Terme, at the mouth of the only valley in Calabria that connects the Tyrrhenian Sea with the Ionian Sea. ISACis located at LAMEC, "Laboratory of Meteorology and Climatology " of CRATI SCRL, "Consortium for Research and Applications of Innovative Technologies," in which the CNR is one of the partners . Into the 15 to the Core Industrial Lamezia Terme consists of approximately 1200 square meters of studies and workshops and about 1500 square meters of shared experimental field . In this laboratory is also the Computing Center . The integration of researchers with different expertise since 2005 orients the research of meteorology and atmospheric physics in different sectors , in particular, at this infrastructure CNR were developed and integrated macro- skills around two main activities: the experimental activity with the development of the experimental basis of Lamezia Terme and meteorological modeling , including the operational aspects and performance verification . The experimental field of Lamezia Terme , has a total instrumental discerned , detailed later , and is located in a strategic position being situated at 500 m from the coast in a complex orographic peninsula where the sea breezes and land breezes interact with downstream and upstream and circulations with synoptic-scale generating complex circulation systems. The complexity and the variety of phenomena that occur on the experimental site also allows to study and characterize different " types" of atmospheric circulation that occur in other areas of the regions of Convergences . In particular, the convergence of breezes during the day within the valley ( in the region ) or the mountains , which sometimes creates heavy rainfall in the interior, can 'cause the wet deposition of pollutants possible ; recirculation and / or stagnation of pollutants and dust thin or volcanic buildup on certain parts of the territory and therefore in the interiors of homes, offices and public places and dry deposition on the ground and then on crops and groundwater . Currently , the experimental field of Lamezia Terme plays a very important role for the verification of meteorological models high spatio-temporal resolution and the data assimilation , as well as for the development of new physical parameterizations able to describe atmospheric processes . Through the implementation of the instrumental set-up currently exists through the installation of new gas analyzers into tracks and physico-chemical properties of the aerosol, a system for profiling atmospheric and new infrastructure of monitoring , it may be a fully-fledged key point for monitoring the variability of climate-altering compounds and chemistry of the atmosphere in the "Regioni di Convergenza".