The TROPOS-SMPS is designed for long-term measurement of aerosol particles and over there in highly burden regions. It is a mobility particle size spectrometer, which can measure continuously the particle number size distribution in a size range from 10 to 800 Nanometers. The temporal resolution to measure a complete particle number size distribution is approximately 5 minutes. Measured data are stored on a PC or notebook, which is part of the measuring system. The current particle number size distribution is displayed graphically as part of the data acquisition and control software. The instrument comprises a condensation particle counter and a radioactive source (Ni-63).

• Experimental field of 1500m sq m • Laboratory of Electronics

Geographical CoordinatesCCC: - Latitude: 40° 20' 8.79" N - Longitude: 18° 7' 29.12" E The CNR-ISAC station in Lecce is located about 4 km (SW) of the urban area and it can be classified as an “urban background” site. The site is located at about 30 km and 80 km from the most important industrial centres of the Puglia Region (Taranto and Brindisi). The observatory is accommodated in a shelter located on the roof of the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (Division of Lecce), at about 12 m above the street, inside the University Campus. The observatory is used for the collection of environmental continuous data related to local meteorology, various gaseous pollutants concentration and different atmospheric particulate fraction. The instrumental check, the data acquisition and data analysis are remotely managed through internet. The roof of the shelter is equipped to take real-time meteorological measurements using a radiometer (Kipp & Zonen, mod. CNR4), that measures solar and thermic radiation, and an automatic wheatear station (Vaisala, mod. WXT520) for the main meteorological parameters acquisition. On the roof of the observatory there are sampling probes for gas and aerosol connected to the measurement instruments located inside the shelter. Outside the observatory there is a booth, which hosts the mixtures of pure gases needed for periodic calibration of gas concentration detectors and a telescopic mast to measure particle number concentration and vertical particle fluxes, using the Eddy-Covariance method by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC (TSI, mod. 3776) and an ultrasonic anemometer Gill R3. The interior of the shelter is equipped with different instruments for atmospheric and environmental measurements: The roof of the shelter is equipped to take real-time meteorological measurements using a radiometer (Kipp & Zonen, mod. CNR4), that measures solar and thermic radiation, and an automatic wheatear station (Vaisala, mod. WXT520) for the main meteorological parameters acquisition (Figure Le-2 b). On the roof of the observatory there are sampling probes for gas and aerosol connected to the measurement instruments located inside the shelter. Outside the observatory there is a booth (Figure LE-02 d), which hosts the mixtures of pure gases needed for periodic calibration of gas concentration detectors and a telescopic mast to measure particle number concentration and vertical particle fluxes, using the Eddy-Covariance method (Figure LE-02 a) by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC (TSI, mod. 3776) and an ultrasonic anemometer Gill R3. The interior of the shelter is equipped with different instruments for atmospheric and environmental measurements (Figure Le-2 e):  Heated gas sampling probe (General Impianti srl) with conditioning of temperature to control relative humidity, connected to a 11 valves manifold.  Aerosol sampling probe, PM10 cut-off, with 10 valves manifold equipped with a high volume pump (Mega System srl, mod. X1-Hornet).  Measurements of particle size distribution in the following intervals: • from 8 nm to 800 nm: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS produced by the Tropos- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, in compliance with Actris specifications). • from 0.28 µm to 10 µm: Optical Particle Counter (OPC FAI instruments, mod. Multichannel).  Particulate sampler (FAI Instruments, mod. SWAM5a Dual Channel) which measures the PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations using the measuring principle based on attenuation of β ray.  Measurements of Black Carbon concentrations in atmosphere by a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (Thermoscientific, mod. 5012).  Measure of atmospheric aerosol back scattering coefficient by a Nephelometer (TSI, mod. 3560).  Measurements of gaseous concentrations, CO, CO2, CH4 and water vapour, by a detector PICARRO (mod. G2401).  Measurements of gaseous concentrations by an ozone automatic analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i) and a nitrogen oxides analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 42i-TL).  Measurements of the columnar content of gaseous pollutants by a spectrophotometer DOAS which is provided with an external measuring head (located on the observatory roof) connected to the spectrophotometer by optics fibres.  Calibration systems for gas detectors: Multipoint calibrator (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i) used for the nitrogen oxides calibration, ozone generator (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i-PS) for the ozone concentration analyser and zero air generation (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i).  A server station with monitor that communicates with the various instruments and stores the data. The server station operates as a vehicle for the display and the remote data transfer. It is connected to a data logger Campbell Scientific CR1000 with a buffer battery.

Remote sensing instrumentation: • Differential Optical Absorption Spectrometry (DOAS), a technique allowing the determination of the abundance of atmospheric trace species. It is based on the light absorption in the near-UV and Vis regions, on the vertical distribution, of those pollutants with fine vibrational structures such as SO2, NO2, O3 etc. • Microtops II Sunphotometer ( Solar Light Co.) allows accurate measurement of aerosol optical thickness AOT) and direct solar irradiance at five wavelength bands which are determined using the Bouguer-Lambert-Beer law.

The Environmental-Climate Observatory is accommodated in a shelter located on the roof of the Institute, at about 12 m above the street. The observatory is used for the collection of environmental continuous data related to local meteorology, various gaseous pollutants concentration and different atmospheric particulate fraction. Instrumentation for measuring in - situ : • Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS produced by the Tropos) for measurement of the particle size in the 10-800 nm range • Optical Particle Counter (OPC FAI instruments, mod. Multichannel) for measurement of the particle size in the 0.28-10 nm range • Particulate sampler (FAI Instruments, mod. SWAM5a Dual Channel) which measures the PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations using β ray attenuation method • Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (Thermoscientific, mod. 5012) which measures Black Carbon concentration • Nephelometer (TSI, mod. 3560) which measures aerosol back scattering coefficient • PICARRO (mod. G2401) for measuring of gaseous concentrations, CO, CO2, CH4 and water vapour • Ozone automatic analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i) and a nitrogen oxides analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 42i-TL) • Spectrophotometer DOAS which measures columnar content of gaseus • Multipoint calibrator (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i) used for the nitrogen oxides calibration • Ozone generator (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i-PS) for the ozone concentration analyser and zero air generation (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i ) • Net Radiometer (Kipp and Zonen, mod. CNR4) • Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC (TSI, mod. 3776) • Automatic Weather Station (Vaisala mod. WXT520) • telescopic mast to measure particle number concentration and vertical particle fluxes • Ultrasonic anemometer Gill R3 • A server station with monitor connected to a data logger Campbell Scientific CR1000 with a buffer battery

SWAM 5a Dual Channel Monitor è un sistema di campionamento automatico sequenziale di materiale particellare su membrane filtranti che opera con due linee di prelievo indipendenti. La misura di massa dei due campioni prelevati è effettuata contestualmente grazie alla metodologia dell’attenuazione b, che permette di raggiungere un’incertezza sul dato di misura di massa dell’ordine di 10 μg. SWAM 5a Dual Channel Monitor consente quindi di monitorare contemporaneamente, con elevato standard qualitativo, l’evoluzione temporale delle concentrazioni di massa di due frazioni di materiale particellare PM10 e PM2,5. La disponibilità dei campioni accumulati su membrane filtranti ne permette inoltre la caratterizzazione chimica.

Misure continuative di ozono superficiale sono eseguite presso l'Osservatorio Climatico – Ambientale di Capo Granitola attraverso un analizzatore ad assorbimento UV Thermo 49i. La risoluzione temporale dei dati grezzi e' pari ad 1 minuto. Ogni 24 ore vengono eseguiti in modo automatico controlli di zero e span utilizzando una sorgente esterna di aria pulita ed un generatore interno di ozono. Nell’ambito del network I-AMICA esso sarà tarato attraverso un calibratore secondario riferito alla scala internazionale GAW-WMO. Instrument (Thermo 49i) is connected by a Teflon pipe (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Teflon material) are present at the instrument inlet (changed every 30 days). Internal span source (ozonator) and external zero source (Purafill© filled cartridge) allow the daily execution of zero/span check. Instrument will be calibrated in-situ on a yearly basis against a travelling calibrator (thermos 49iPS) hosted at the “twin” I-AMICA station of Lecce. The travelling calibrator will be compared against the standard reference SRP15 hosted at the GAW WCC at EMPA. Data are recorded on a 1-minute basis by a station server and delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Bologna. Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the GAW Report No. 209 “Guidelines for Continuous Measurements of Ozone in the Troposphere”

Instrumental equipment infrastructure of Lamezia Terme. 1 . Measurement platform :• Experimental field of 1500m sq m• Laboratory of Electronics2 . Instrumentation for in situ measurements :• hygrometer , for measuring the temperature and relative atmospheric humidity ,• rain gauge , for measuring the precipitation liquid ,• barometer for measuring the atmospheric pressure,• pyranometer for the measurement of global solar radiation ,• cup anemometer and wind vane , for the measure of the magnitude and direction of the wind• soil thermometer , for measuring the temperature of the soil ( surface layer of 20 cm) ,• leaf wetness sensor , for measuring the surface wetting of the leaves ,• soil moisture sensor , for measuring soil moisture (at three levels deep)• pyranometer , model CM11 , for the measurement of global solar radiation ,• radiometer UV -B , UV - model S- BT , for the measurement of solar ultraviolet radiation B ,• net radiometer , model CNR1 , for the measurement of the budget of the incident radiation and outgoing from the surface.• R3 Gill Ultrasonic Anemometer for turbulent flows of time and temperature.• Ultrasonic Anemometer METEK for turbulent flows of time and temperature.• 2 gas analyzer IRGA fast NOAA for turbulent flows of Moisture ' and CO2• 2 temperature difference sensors (Risoe - DTU , DK -house )• Absolute temperature sensor (Risoe - DTU , DK, inhouse)

Grazie ad un radiometro CNR4 Kipp & Zonen, sono misurate le componenti incidente e riflessa della radiazione solare short-wave (lunghezza d’onda) e long-wave (lunghezza d’onda). Il radiometro è stato tarato presso il World Calibration Center del WMO di Davos prima della sua installazione. The CNR 4 net radiometer measures the energy balance between incoming short-wave and long-wave Far Infrared (FIR) radiation versus surface-reflected short-wave and outgoing long-wave radiation. The CNR 4 net radiometer consists of a pyranometer pair, one facing upward, the other facing downward, and a pyrgeometer pair in a similar configuration. The pyranometer pair measures the short-wave radiation. And the pyrgeometer pair measures long-wave radiation. The upper long-wave detector of CNR 4 has a meniscus dome. This ensures that water droplets role off easily and improves the field of view to nearly 180°, compared with a 150° for a flat window. All 4 sensors are integrated directly into the instrument body, instead of separate modules mounted onto the housing. But are each calibrated individually for optimal accuracy. Two temperature sensors, a Pt-100 and Thermistor, are integrated for compatibility with every data logger. The temperature sensor is used to provide information to correct the infrared readings for the temperature of the instrument housing. Care has been taken to place the long-wave sensors close to each other and close to the temperature sensors. This assures that the temperatures of the measurement surfaces are the same and accurately known. Which improves the quality of the long-wave measurements.