The TROPOS-SMPS is designed for long-term measurement of aerosol particles and over there in highly burden regions. It is a mobility particle size spectrometer, which can measure continuously the particle number size distribution in a size range from 10 to 800 Nanometers. The temporal resolution to measure a complete particle number size distribution is approximately 5 minutes. Measured data are stored on a PC or notebook, which is part of the measuring system. The current particle number size distribution is displayed graphically as part of the data acquisition and control software. The instrument comprises a condensation particle counter and a radioactive source (Ni-63).

Geographical CoordinatesCCC: - Latitude: 40° 20' 8.79" N - Longitude: 18° 7' 29.12" E The CNR-ISAC station in Lecce is located about 4 km (SW) of the urban area and it can be classified as an “urban background” site. The site is located at about 30 km and 80 km from the most important industrial centres of the Puglia Region (Taranto and Brindisi). The observatory is accommodated in a shelter located on the roof of the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (Division of Lecce), at about 12 m above the street, inside the University Campus. The observatory is used for the collection of environmental continuous data related to local meteorology, various gaseous pollutants concentration and different atmospheric particulate fraction. The instrumental check, the data acquisition and data analysis are remotely managed through internet. The roof of the shelter is equipped to take real-time meteorological measurements using a radiometer (Kipp & Zonen, mod. CNR4), that measures solar and thermic radiation, and an automatic wheatear station (Vaisala, mod. WXT520) for the main meteorological parameters acquisition. On the roof of the observatory there are sampling probes for gas and aerosol connected to the measurement instruments located inside the shelter. Outside the observatory there is a booth, which hosts the mixtures of pure gases needed for periodic calibration of gas concentration detectors and a telescopic mast to measure particle number concentration and vertical particle fluxes, using the Eddy-Covariance method by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC (TSI, mod. 3776) and an ultrasonic anemometer Gill R3. The interior of the shelter is equipped with different instruments for atmospheric and environmental measurements: The roof of the shelter is equipped to take real-time meteorological measurements using a radiometer (Kipp & Zonen, mod. CNR4), that measures solar and thermic radiation, and an automatic wheatear station (Vaisala, mod. WXT520) for the main meteorological parameters acquisition (Figure Le-2 b). On the roof of the observatory there are sampling probes for gas and aerosol connected to the measurement instruments located inside the shelter. Outside the observatory there is a booth (Figure LE-02 d), which hosts the mixtures of pure gases needed for periodic calibration of gas concentration detectors and a telescopic mast to measure particle number concentration and vertical particle fluxes, using the Eddy-Covariance method (Figure LE-02 a) by an Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter UCPC (TSI, mod. 3776) and an ultrasonic anemometer Gill R3. The interior of the shelter is equipped with different instruments for atmospheric and environmental measurements (Figure Le-2 e):  Heated gas sampling probe (General Impianti srl) with conditioning of temperature to control relative humidity, connected to a 11 valves manifold.  Aerosol sampling probe, PM10 cut-off, with 10 valves manifold equipped with a high volume pump (Mega System srl, mod. X1-Hornet).  Measurements of particle size distribution in the following intervals: • from 8 nm to 800 nm: Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS produced by the Tropos- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, in compliance with Actris specifications). • from 0.28 µm to 10 µm: Optical Particle Counter (OPC FAI instruments, mod. Multichannel).  Particulate sampler (FAI Instruments, mod. SWAM5a Dual Channel) which measures the PM2.5 and PM10 mass concentrations using the measuring principle based on attenuation of β ray.  Measurements of Black Carbon concentrations in atmosphere by a Multi Angle Absorption Photometer (Thermoscientific, mod. 5012).  Measure of atmospheric aerosol back scattering coefficient by a Nephelometer (TSI, mod. 3560).  Measurements of gaseous concentrations, CO, CO2, CH4 and water vapour, by a detector PICARRO (mod. G2401).  Measurements of gaseous concentrations by an ozone automatic analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i) and a nitrogen oxides analysers (Thermoscientific, mod. 42i-TL).  Measurements of the columnar content of gaseous pollutants by a spectrophotometer DOAS which is provided with an external measuring head (located on the observatory roof) connected to the spectrophotometer by optics fibres.  Calibration systems for gas detectors: Multipoint calibrator (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i) used for the nitrogen oxides calibration, ozone generator (Thermoscientific, mod. 49i-PS) for the ozone concentration analyser and zero air generation (Thermoscientific, mod. 146i).  A server station with monitor that communicates with the various instruments and stores the data. The server station operates as a vehicle for the display and the remote data transfer. It is connected to a data logger Campbell Scientific CR1000 with a buffer battery.

Geographical Coordinates: - Latitude: 38°52'34.71" N - Longitude: 16°13'56.00" E The station of Lamezia Terme CNR-ISAC is located in a remote position, 500 m from the coastline on a wide plain of Lamezia Terme, at the mouth of the only valley in Calabria that connects the Tyrrhenian Sea with the Ionian Sea. ISACis located at LAMEC, "Laboratory of Meteorology and Climatology " of CRATI SCRL, "Consortium for Research and Applications of Innovative Technologies," in which the CNR is one of the partners . Into the 15 to the Core Industrial Lamezia Terme consists of approximately 1200 square meters of studies and workshops and about 1500 square meters of shared experimental field . In this laboratory is also the Computing Center . The integration of researchers with different expertise since 2005 orients the research of meteorology and atmospheric physics in different sectors , in particular, at this infrastructure CNR were developed and integrated macro- skills around two main activities: the experimental activity with the development of the experimental basis of Lamezia Terme and meteorological modeling , including the operational aspects and performance verification . The experimental field of Lamezia Terme , has a total instrumental discerned , detailed later , and is located in a strategic position being situated at 500 m from the coast in a complex orographic peninsula where the sea breezes and land breezes interact with downstream and upstream and circulations with synoptic-scale generating complex circulation systems. The complexity and the variety of phenomena that occur on the experimental site also allows to study and characterize different " types" of atmospheric circulation that occur in other areas of the regions of Convergences . In particular, the convergence of breezes during the day within the valley ( in the region ) or the mountains , which sometimes creates heavy rainfall in the interior, can 'cause the wet deposition of pollutants possible ; recirculation and / or stagnation of pollutants and dust thin or volcanic buildup on certain parts of the territory and therefore in the interiors of homes, offices and public places and dry deposition on the ground and then on crops and groundwater . Currently , the experimental field of Lamezia Terme plays a very important role for the verification of meteorological models high spatio-temporal resolution and the data assimilation , as well as for the development of new physical parameterizations able to describe atmospheric processes . Through the implementation of the instrumental set-up currently exists through the installation of new gas analyzers into tracks and physico-chemical properties of the aerosol, a system for profiling atmospheric and new infrastructure of monitoring , it may be a fully-fledged key point for monitoring the variability of climate-altering compounds and chemistry of the atmosphere in the "Regioni di Convergenza".

Misure continuative di ozono superficiale sono eseguite presso l'Osservatorio Climatico – Ambientale di Capo Granitola attraverso un analizzatore ad assorbimento UV Thermo 49i. La risoluzione temporale dei dati grezzi e' pari ad 1 minuto. Ogni 24 ore vengono eseguiti in modo automatico controlli di zero e span utilizzando una sorgente esterna di aria pulita ed un generatore interno di ozono. Nell’ambito del network I-AMICA esso sarà tarato attraverso un calibratore secondario riferito alla scala internazionale GAW-WMO. Instrument (Thermo 49i) is connected by a Teflon pipe (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Teflon material) are present at the instrument inlet (changed every 30 days). Internal span source (ozonator) and external zero source (Purafill© filled cartridge) allow the daily execution of zero/span check. Instrument will be calibrated in-situ on a yearly basis against a travelling calibrator (thermos 49iPS) hosted at the “twin” I-AMICA station of Lecce. The travelling calibrator will be compared against the standard reference SRP15 hosted at the GAW WCC at EMPA. Data are recorded on a 1-minute basis by a station server and delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Bologna. Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the GAW Report No. 209 “Guidelines for Continuous Measurements of Ozone in the Troposphere”

Le concentrazioni di CO, CO2, CH4 e la percentuale di H2O sono misurate utilizzando l’analizzatore PICARRO G2401; tale strumento si basa sulla tecnologia Cavity-Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) che, dall’analisi dell’attenuazione di un segnale laser su un cammino ottico di 20 km, permette di valutare in modo accurato e selettivo le concentrazione dei gas. Lo strumento è stato tarato sulla base di miscele di taratura fornite dal World Calibration Center (NOAA-GMDL) della rete WMO/GAW. Ogni 48 ore vengono eseguite tarature di routine utilizzando working standard commerciali. Instrument (Picarro G2401) is connected by a Synflex 1300 (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Svagelock) are present at the instrument inlet. Scale and calibration: WMO-CH4-X2004, WMO-CO-X2014, WMO-CO2-X2007. CALIBRATION STANDARDS: A set composed by n.3 calibration standards from NOAA-GMDL is available at the Lamezia Terme station: CB11039, CB11164, CB10928. They represent the I-AMICA network laboratory primary standards. These calibration standards will be compared every 6 months against the station working standards for evaluating possible working standard drifts and directly to the instrument to evaluate the stability of calibration factors. WORKING STANDARD: For each gas, two working standards (6 cylinders in total) with CO2,CH4 and CO representing upper and lower ranges of the expected ambient variability are used to perform automatic calibration every 48 h. Working standard are provided by SOL S.p.A. 48h calibration are performed at different time from one day to another. Avoiding to perform routinely calibrations at the same hour of day, helps in increasing the representativeness of the measurements at daily scales and allows to determine possible problems occurring at different time of day (e.g. related with laboratory ambient conditions). Two-stage stainless steel pressure regulators for high purity gas are used (HARRIS Calorific mod. LHP 742 N2). Data are recorded on a 5sec basis by the Picarro internal PC and mirrored to a station server, then delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Lamezia Terme, where 1-minute averages are calculated. Final aggregation to hourly average will be executed by using validated 1-min data. On hourly basis data will be flagged to identify “background” observations. This can be done both by considering wind sector (with the aim of selecting observations under sea breeze conditions, thus neglecting influence from in-land contributions) as well as by using de-spiking procedures as proposed by Thoning et al. [1989] Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the: GAW Report No. 185 “Guidelines for the Measurement of Methane and Nitrous Oxide and their Quality Assurance”, GAW Report No. 192 “Guidelines for the Measurement of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide”; GAW Report No. 213 “17th WMO/IAEA Meeting on Carbon Dioxide, Other Greenhouse Gases and Related Tracers Measurement Techniques”.

Gli ossidi di azoto (NOx=NO+NO2) sono misurati utilizzando un analizzatore a chemioluminescenza (Thermo 42i-TL), dotato di convertitore al molibdeno per la determinazione della NO2. A regime, ogni 24 ore viene eseguito un controllo di zero per la NO usando un generatore di aria zero e diluendo una miscela certificata di NO. In futuro la tecnica della GPT verrà utilizzata per verificare l’efficienza del convertitore di NO2. Instrument (Thermo 42iTL) is connected by a Teflon pipe (OD: ¼”) to the air intake manifold. Antiparticulate filter (Teflon material) are present at the instrument inlet (changed every 30 days). Currently only zero check are performed at the station by using an external zero air generator (Thermo 1160). A gas dilution/GPT system is available at the station (Thermo 160i). Once the implementation phase will be ended, this system will be used for executing every 48h span and zero checks for NO, as well as GPT test for evaluating the NO2 -> NO converter efficiency. A substitution of the analyser Molybdenum converter with a photolytic converter (e.g. BLC) is foreseen. Data are recorded on a 1-minute basis by a station server and delivered in NRT mode to ISAC-CNR HQs in Bologna for publication on the web (http://www.i-amica.it/i-amica/?page_id=868). Information about instrument functioning and intervention are stored within an e-logbook. Instrument manual are present at the station. SOP are extracted by the ACTRIS “Draft for standardized operating procedures (SOPs) for NOxy measurements (Version: 2012/04/02)”

• Experimental field of 1500m sq m • Laboratory of Electronics