The Ivancich Inclinometer 202 is located inside the landslide at about 510 m asl, and is located in a 54,50 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 202 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 202 are: Inclinometer Tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 54.50 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N230 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.) Depth probe relative to p.c.: 54.50 m
At the Ivancich landslide an inclinometer monitoring network has been installed on November 1998. The inclinometer network measured from November 1998 to December 2006, and consists of several inclinometers refer to an extended monitoring network of the landslide. For the Ivancich landslide were considered 4 inclinometers (103, 113B, 117 and 202), the data of which were published in Calò, F.; Ardizzone, F.; Castaldo, R.; Lollino, P.; Tizzani, P.; Guzzetti, F.; Lanari, R.; Angeli, M.G.; Pontoni, F.; Manunta. M.. Enhanced landslide investigations through advanced DInSAR techniques: The Ivancich case study, Assisi, Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment 142, 69-82. The monitoring network allowed sub-surface displacement measurements, and led to the identification of the depth and thickness of slide shear zones. The inclinometer system consists of an inclinometer probe used to survey ground movement causes by the casing movement, calculated by comparing data from the initial data recorded. These instruments measure relative horizontal displacements affecting the casing. The bottom end of the casing is used as a stable reference and must be embedded beyond the displacement zone. Relative displacement over time is recorded by repeating measurements at the same depths. In particular, was recorded the tilt of two perpendicular planes, named “A” and “B”. In a standard inclinometer survey, the probe is draw from the bottom to the top of the casing. The inclinometer is a sensitive measuring instrument, and accurate inclinometer measurements depend on the instrument quality and the care taken during the execution of the measures.
The Ivancich Inclinometer 113 is located inside the landslide at about 460 m asl, and is located in a 32,3 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 113 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 113 are: Inclinometer Tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 32.3 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N220 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.): +0.20 m Depth probe relative to p.c.: 32.30 m
The Ivancich Inclinometer 117 is located inside the landslide at about 449 m asl, and is located in a 20,35 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 117 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 117 are: Inclinometer tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 20.35 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N240 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.): +0.15 m Depth probe relative to p.c.: 20.35 m
The Ivancich Inclinometer 103 is located inside the landslide at about 360 m asl, and is located in a 35 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 103 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 103 are: Inclinometer Tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 35 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N212 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.): - +0.09 m Depth probe relative to p.c.: 35 m