The SAR ground deformation time series relevant to Sampeyre frame include deformation data obtained from ASAR-Envisat satellite acquisitions (images available in the framework of Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), and elaborated by the ESA’s G-POD service with the SBAS technique. In particular, the analysis provided 65535 measure points, for the observed period from April 2005 to October 2010, relative to the entire frame. The archive provide for each SBAS targets: - ID: Gr1; Gr2; Gr n - East and North UTM WGS84 coordinates (m); - Temporal interferometric coherence [CohT]; - Deformation velocity (cm/year) [Vel]; - Azimuth and Range coordinates [Az/Rg]; - Latitude and Longitude coordinates (deg) [Lat/Lon]; - Topography (m) [RT]; - Deformation Data (cm), related to the date of the exploited SAR images. The date of the exploited images are expressed as: [year+((month-1)*30+day)/365]. The SBAS results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km), have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr for mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006]. The deformation time series present a monthly temporal sampling, and provide long time series of deformation, allowing to follow the evolution of surface displacement over time.

Relatively to the Grange Orgiera test site, a space-born analysis, using the DInSAR technique, was done using the ESA’s Grid Processing On-Demand (G-POD) service, for the entire frame considered. The ASAR-Envisat dataset, available through the Virtual Archive 4 of ESA (by the Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), was processed by using the G-POD service. The SAR dataset, made of 21 images acquired in ascending orbit (track 301) between April 2005 and October 2010, has been analyzed with the SBAS-DInSAR technique. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Azimuth/ground range resolution (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 – 2010 - Space agency: ESA Regarding the G-POD threshold setting of the SBAS processing, the following parameters were used: - Max Perpendicular Baseline (m): 400 - Max Temporal Baseline (days): 1500 - Ground Pixel Dimension (m): 80 - Coherence Threshold: 0.7 - Area of Interest (AOI): entire frame - REF point: Lat. 44.5838 – Lon. 7.1434 The achieved SBAS measurements provided in geocoded coordinates (Lat/Lon and UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII file. The SBAS results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km), have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr concerning the mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006].

The SAR ground deformation time series relevant to Grange Orgiera test site include deformation data obtained from ASAR-Envisat satellite acquisitions (images available in the framework of Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), and elaborated by the ESA’s G-POD service with the SBAS technique. In particular provided 41555 measure points, for the observed period from April 2005 to October 2010, relative to the area of interest. The archive provide for each SBAS targets: - East and North UTM WGS84 coordinates (m); - Temporal interferometric coherence [CohT]; - Deformation velocity (cm/year) [Vel]; - Azimuth and Range coordinates [Az/Rg]; - Latitude and Longitude coordinates (deg) [Lat/Lon]; - Topography (m) [RT]; - Deformation Data (cm), related to the date of the exploited SAR images. The date of the exploited images are expressed as: [year+((month-1)*30+day)/365]. The SAR results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km), have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr concerning the mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006]. The deformation time series present a monthly temporal sampling, and provide long time series of deformation, allowing to follow the evolution of surface displacements over time.

The Ivancich Inclinometer 202 is located inside the landslide at about 510 m asl, and is located in a 54,50 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 202 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 202 are: Inclinometer Tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 54.50 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N230 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.) Depth probe relative to p.c.: 54.50 m

The Ivancich Inclinometer 117 is located inside the landslide at about 449 m asl, and is located in a 20,35 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 117 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 117 are: Inclinometer tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 20.35 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N240 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.): +0.15 m Depth probe relative to p.c.: 20.35 m

At the Gardiola landslide a topographic monitoring network has been installed on March 2004. The topographic network consists of a robotic total station (LEICA TCA 2003 with ATR - Automatic Target Recognition), located on the opposite valley side, and associated to a radio modem that allows download of the data by remote connection in a station located at Pomeifrè (1.5 km northeast to the test site and equipped by a PSTN connection), twenty-three optical target, and three reference points outside the landslide, located on stable ground. The topographic network recorded from March 2004 to April 2009, with a temporal sampling of an hour. The monitoring network allowed several automatic displacement measurements of the prisms installed, using a robotic total station Leica TCA 2003. This high-performance instrument for the ground displacement surveying, allow to measure the angle (Hz and V) and distance measurement. Data collected by this total station permit to improve knowledge on surface ground deformation, and the geomorphological evolution of the landslide. In particular, the TCA 2003 total station used is characterized by: - Angle-measurement accuracy: Standard deviation (ISO 17123-2) of 0.5” (0.15 mgon); - Distance measurement (IR): Standard deviation (ISO 17123-4) 1mm + 1 ppm; Range 2.500 m, under average atmospheric conditions, i.e. visibility 15 km. - Automatic target recognition (ATR), under good atmospheric conditions: Accuracy at below 200 m of 1 mm; Accuracy at 500 m of 2 mm – 3 mm. For more information: http://www.leica-geosystems.com/downloads123/zz/tps/tps2000/brochures/tps2000_brochure_it.pdf

The Ivancich Inclinometer 103 is located inside the landslide at about 360 m asl, and is located in a 35 m deep borehole. The inclinometer probe measures tilt of two orthogonal axes “A” and “B”; in particular is read the measure corresponding to the axes inclination (θ). The conversion from angular values to displacement occurs through trigonometric function. The sine function, i.e. the angular value, is derived from the value produced by sensors, in general for measure between +/-15° from the vertical. The angle θ is the inclination angle from vertical, the hypotenuse is the pace of the probe, i.e. the measuring range, or step of readings (generally 0.5 m), while the opposite side is the lateral “deviation”. The lateral displacements are calculated at each depth; for convention this value is called “lateral deviation”. The sum of successive lateral deviation is called “cumulative deviation”. The cumulative deviation variations define the inclinometer tube displacement. The incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval. The cumulative displacement is the sum of the incremental displacements. The common inclinometers data graphs showing the displays cumulative lateral deformation with depth, starting at the bottom of the casing and summing increments of displacement for each measured interval up to the ground surface. The inclinometer 103 time series provide data for the observed period from November 1998 to December 2006, and are organized as follows: Depth (m): measured interval from the bottom of the casing up to the ground surface (0,5 m step) Data: gg/mm/aaa Raw data A0 – A180 – B0 – B180: numbers recorded by the probe corresponding to the values of the tube inclination relative to the vertical, projected on the planes A and B; the measure unit is expressed in digit (electrical value). CheckSum A and B: add of the two values obtained in diametrically opposite direction at the same depth. The checksums produce a constant value, where a low standard deviation would confirm data quality. Lateral deviation A – B – Resultant: lateral displacements are calculated at each depth Cumulative deviation SA – SB – Resultant: sum of successive lateral deviation Differential Lateral Deviation A Diff – B Diff – Resultant Diff: incremental displacement represents the variation from each measurement interval Cumulative Displacement SAInt Diff – SB Int Diff – Resultant Ins Diff: sum of the incremental displacements. The main feature of the inclinometer 103 are: Inclinometer Tube Internal Diameter – 76.1 mm Probe type – Sinco Digitilt Inclinometer (P/N 50302510 S/N 28447) Probe unit – meter Probe constant – 25000 sinα Probe Type – Biaxial Probe Sensors – Servoinclinometers Shallowest depth: 1 m Deepest Depth: 35 m Reading Interval: 0.5 m A0 Direction: N212 Height of the reference plan (P.R.) relative to campaign plan (p.c.): - +0.09 m Depth probe relative to p.c.: 35 m

Relatively to the Grange Orgiera test site, a space-born analysis using the DInSAR technique, was done using the ESA’s Grid Processing On-Demand (G-POD) service, for a specific area of interest (AOI). The ASAR-Envisat dataset, available through the Virtual Archive 4 of ESA (by the Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), was processes by using the G-POD service. The SAR dataset, made of 21 images acquired in ascending orbit (track 301) between April 2005 and October 2010, has been analyzed with the SBAS-DInSAR technique. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Azimuth/ground range resolution (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 – 2010 - Space agency: ESA Regarding the G-POD threshold setting of the SBAS processing, the following parameters were used: - Max Perpendicular Baseline (m): 400 - Max Temporal Baseline (days): 1500 - Ground Pixel Dimension (m): 80 - Coherence Threshold: 0.7 - Area of Interest (AOI): selected AOI close to the test site - REF point: Lat. 44.5838 – Lon. 7.1434 The achieved SBAS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (Lat/Lon and UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII file. The SBAS results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km) have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr concerning the mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006].

Relative to the Ivancich test site several space-borne data were available. In particular, the SAR data were generated in the framework of DORIS project (FP7) by CNR-IREA, and were published in: Calò et al. (2014) Enhanced landslide investigations through advanced DInSAR techniques: The Ivancich case study, Assisi, Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment, 142: 69-82. This dataset is a courtesy of Ing. Maceo Giovanni Angeli (IRPI-CNR) and Dr. Geol. Fabrizio Pontoni (private consultant). The COSMO SkyMED satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: X Band - Wavelength (cm): 3.1 - Resolution azimuth/range (m): ≈ 2.5/2.5 – 0.1/0.1 - Revisit time (days): 11 - Incident angle (°): 20-60 - Life status:2007-2014 - Space agency: ASI The images used, processed by SBAS DInSAR technique at full-resolution scale (3 m x 3 m), include 39 images spanning from December 2009 to February 2012 in descending orbit, of the territory of Assisi, Monte Subasio and Valle Umbra. The SAR data reports 522966 SBAS targets in shapefile format provided in SBAS-InSAR geocoded coordinates (Lat./Lon. and UTM WGS84).

At the Ivancich landslide an inclinometer monitoring network has been installed on November 1998. The inclinometer network measured from November 1998 to December 2006, and consists of several inclinometers refer to an extended monitoring network of the landslide. For the Ivancich landslide were considered 4 inclinometers (103, 113B, 117 and 202), the data of which were published in Calò, F.; Ardizzone, F.; Castaldo, R.; Lollino, P.; Tizzani, P.; Guzzetti, F.; Lanari, R.; Angeli, M.G.; Pontoni, F.; Manunta. M.. Enhanced landslide investigations through advanced DInSAR techniques: The Ivancich case study, Assisi, Italy. Remote Sensing of Environment 142, 69-82. The monitoring network allowed sub-surface displacement measurements, and led to the identification of the depth and thickness of slide shear zones. The inclinometer system consists of an inclinometer probe used to survey ground movement causes by the casing movement, calculated by comparing data from the initial data recorded. These instruments measure relative horizontal displacements affecting the casing. The bottom end of the casing is used as a stable reference and must be embedded beyond the displacement zone. Relative displacement over time is recorded by repeating measurements at the same depths. In particular, was recorded the tilt of two perpendicular planes, named “A” and “B”. In a standard inclinometer survey, the probe is draw from the bottom to the top of the casing. The inclinometer is a sensitive measuring instrument, and accurate inclinometer measurements depend on the instrument quality and the care taken during the execution of the measures.