The Valle d’Aosta is the region in the northwest Italy, with an extension of about 3262 km2, sets mainly in the Pennine and Graie Alps. In this context, landslides play an important role in the evolution of the mainly regional territory. In particular, the Valle d’Aosta region is one of the Italian region characterized by higher number of landslides, where landslide affecting an area of 520,35 km2 of the regional territory [Giardino & Ratto, 2007]. The entire territory has been investigated by space-borne technique, using the DInSAR technique by the ESA’s Grid Processing On-Demand (G-POD) service.

The Atacama Desert is a plateau located in South America, where ground surface deformation (uplift) was revealed by space-borne InSAR analysis on salt lakes, named Salars. These salars are located at about 4000-5000 m asl, in the Atofagasta region, in a hyperarid desert, one of the driest place on the Earth, and are characterized by saline detritic crust and efflorescences caused by water movement. The uplift revealed is probably related to the regional decrease of the permafrost elevation, which may contribute to an increase in the annual volume of incoming groundwater. In that area several flanks of inactive volcanoes show gravitational processes, which might also be related to the decadal diminution of the permafrost elevation.

The Upper Tena Valley is located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees, between Sallent de Gallego and El Portalet municipality. This area is characterized by hundreds landslides different in type and in particular by two deep-seated slides whose development is due to the destabilization of the over steepened valley walls after the retreat of the glaciers (Herrera et al., 2013). This territory has been investigated by geomorphological investigation, in situ geotechnical investigation of the portion of the area that is involved in the two deep-seated slides, to exploit the possibility to detect a relationship between change of the rate of the landslides displacement and climatic parameters. Furthermore this territory has been investigated by space-borne technique. In particular, the SAR images were processed by PSInSAR technique by Altamira information (http://www.altamira-information.com/), available by the Framework Agreement between NextData Project and Terrafirma (the agreement was signed in July 2014).

Relatively to the Upper Tena Valley test site, a space-born analysis using the PSInSAR technique, was done by Altamira information (http://www.altamira-information.com/), available by the Framework Agreement between NextData Project and Terrafirma (the agreement was signed in July 2014). The SAR images were selected in an ERS-1/2 ascending dataset that includes images spanning the June 1995 and the July 1998 time period. The ERS-1/2 satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Resolution azimuth/range (m): ≈ 6/24 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 1992 - 2001 - Space agency: ESA The archived PS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII format.

Relatively to the Valle d’Aosta region test site, a space-borne analysis, using the DInSAR technique, was done using the ESA’s Grid Processing On-Demand (G-POD) service. The ASAR-Envisat dataset, available through the Virtual Archive 4 of ESA (by the Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), was processed by using the G-POD service. The SAR dataset, made of 38 images acquired from ascending orbit (track 301) between June 2004 and November 2010, has been analyzed with the SBAS-DInSAR technique. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Azimuth/ground range resolution (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 – 2010 - Space agency: ESA Regarding the G-POD threshold setting of the SBAS processing, the following parameters were used: - Max Perpendicular Baseline (m): 400 - Max Temporal Baseline (days): 1500 - Ground Pixel Dimension (m): 40 - Coherence Threshold: 0.8 - Area of Interest (AOI): entire frame - REF point: Lat. 45.737049 – Lon. 7.31899 The achieved SBAS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (Lat./Lon. and UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII file. The SBAS results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km), have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr concerning the mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006]

Relatively to the Upper Tena Valley test site, a space-born analysis using the PSInSAR technique, was processed by Altamira information (http://www.altamira-information.com/), available by the Framework Agreement between NextData Project and Terrafirma (the agreement was signed in July 2014). The ASAR-Envisat images were selected in an Envisat ASAR descending dataset that includes images spanning the July 2001 and the September 2007 time period. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Resolution azimuth/range (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 - 2010 - Space agency: ESA The achieved PS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (UTM WGS84), and are reported as ASCII format.

Relatively to the Upper Tena Valley test site, a space-born analysis using the PSInSAR technique, was processed by Altamira information (http://www.altamira-information.com/), available by the Framework Agreement between NextData Project and Terrafirma (the agreement was signed in July 2014. The SAR images were selected in an ERS-1/2 descending dataset that includes images spanning the April 1995 and the December 2000 time period. The ERS-1/2 satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Resolution azimuth/range (m): ≈ 6/24 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 1992 - 2001 - Space agency: ESA The archived PS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII format.

Relatively to the Upper Tena Valley test site, a space-born analysis using the PSInSAR technique, was processed by Altamira information (http://www.altamira-information.com/), available by the Framework Agreement between NextData Project and Terrafirma (the agreement was signed in July 2014). The SAR images were selected in an ASAR-Envisat ascending dataset that includes images spanning the October 2002 and the July 2007 time period. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Resolution azimuth/range (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 - 2010 - Space agency: ESA The achieved PS measurements are provided in geocoded coordinates (UTM WGS84), and are reported as ASCII format.

Relatively to the Grange Orgiera test site, a space-born analysis, using the DInSAR technique, was done using the ESA’s Grid Processing On-Demand (G-POD) service, for the entire frame considered. The ASAR-Envisat dataset, available through the Virtual Archive 4 of ESA (by the Category-1A project, part of the ESA Geohazard Supersites initiative), was processed by using the G-POD service. The SAR dataset, made of 21 images acquired in ascending orbit (track 301) between April 2005 and October 2010, has been analyzed with the SBAS-DInSAR technique. The ASAR-Envisat satellite acquires images characterized by: - Band acquisition: C Band - Wavelength (cm): 5.6 - Incident angle (°): 23° - Azimuth/ground range resolution (m): ≈ 4/20 - Revisit time (days): 35 - Life status: 2002 – 2010 - Space agency: ESA Regarding the G-POD threshold setting of the SBAS processing, the following parameters were used: - Max Perpendicular Baseline (m): 400 - Max Temporal Baseline (days): 1500 - Ground Pixel Dimension (m): 80 - Coherence Threshold: 0.7 - Area of Interest (AOI): entire frame - REF point: Lat. 44.5838 – Lon. 7.1434 The achieved SBAS measurements provided in geocoded coordinates (Lat/Lon and UTM WGS84), and are reported in an ASCII file. The SBAS results, relevant to the entire frame (normally around 100x100 km), have an accuracy of 1 mm/yr concerning the mean velocity measurements, and 5 mm for the deformation measurements [Casu et al., 2006].

At the Grange Orgiera landslide a topographic monitoring network has been installed on August 2009. The topographic network has located upstream Grange Orgiera hamlet, in correspondence to the left frontal lobe of the landslide. The network consists of a robotic total station, associated to a solar panel and a backup battery that guarantees its operation, and a GSM modem that allows a download of the data by remote connection; eight prisms, seven of which inside the landslide and one close to the landslide foot, and two reference points outside the landslide. This network allowed the monitoring of the left frontal lobe of the landslide, which threatened the Puy village. The topographic network was installed on July 2009 and recorded during the spring-autumn months, in particular from August 2009 since October 2009. In 2010 have been installed five new prisms within the landslide body, near the left frontal lobe of the landslide, and the monitoring network recorded from July 2010 to September 2010. The monitoring network allowed several automatic displacement measurements of the prisms inside and outside the landslide, using a robotic total station Leica TCA 1800. This high-performance instrument for the ground displacement surveying, allow to measure the angle (Hz and V) and distance measurement. Data collected by this total station permit to improve knowledge on surface ground deformation, and the geomorphological evolution of the landslide. In particular, the TCA 1800 total station used is characterized by: - Angle-measurement accuracy: Standard deviation (ISO 17123-2) of 1” (0.3 mgon); - Distance measurement (IR): Standard deviation (ISO 17123-4) 1mm + 2 ppm; Range 2.500 m, under average atmospheric conditions, i.e. visibility 15 km. - Automatic target recognition (ATR), under good atmospheric conditions: Accuracy at below 200 m of 1 mm; Accuracy at 500 m of 2 mm – 3 mm. For more information: http://www.leica-geosystems.com/downloads123/zz/tps/tps2000/brochures/tps2000_brochure_it.pdf