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    Introduction INTERSTITIAL EDEMA is the first appearance of water accumulation in the lung and has been reported to affect a large majority of otherwise healthy climbers during acute exposure to high altitude. In the following, we will review the hypoxia-induced changes of the main mechanisms implicated in the regulation of lung fluid homeostasis, the changes induced in lung physiology by interstitial fluid accumulation, and the diagnostic tools available to demonstrate the presence of interstitial edema at high altitude