Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework

The problem of supporting decision- and policy-makers in managing issues related to solid waste and water quality was addressed within the context of a participatory modeling framework in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone in Nepal. We present the main findings of management-oriented research projects conducted within this framework, thus providing an overview of the current situation in the park regarding solid waste and water quality issues. We found that most of the solid waste generated in the park is composed of organic matter, paper, and minor reused waste that is mainly reused for cattle feeding and manure, while disposal of other nondegradable categories of collected waste (glass, metal, and plastic) is not properly managed. Particularly, burning or disposal in open dumps poses a great hazard to environmental, human, and animal health, as most dump sites situated close to water courses are prone to regular flooding during the rainy season, thereby directly contaminating river water. Pollutants and microbiological contamination in water bodies were found and anthropogenic activities and hazardous practices such as solid waste dump sites, open defecation, and poor conditions of existing septic tanks are suggested as possibly affecting water quality. Collection of these data on solid waste and water quality and compilation of management information on the targeted social-ecological system allowed us to develop consensus-building models to be used as management supporting tools. By implementing such models, we were able to simulate scenarios identifying and evaluating possible management solutions and interventions in the park. This work reveals insights into general dynamics that can support the quest for solutions to waste and water quality management problems in other protected areas and mountain landscapes where traditional livelihood and land use patterns are changing under the influence of a growing population, changing consumption patterns, and international tourism.
 
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Emanuela Chiara Manfredi (The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR) - Gaetano Viviano (The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR) - Franco Salerno (The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR) - Bastian Flury (Ev-K2-CNR) - Sudeep Thakuri (Ev-K2-CNR) - Sanjay Nath Khanal (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Ramesh Kumar Maskey (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Rijan Bhakta Kayastha (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Kumud Raj Kafle (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Silu Bhochhibhoya (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Gyanendra Chaudhary (Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel,) - Pramod Kumar Jha (Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur) - Narayan Prasad Ghimire (Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur) - Bharat Babu Shrestha (Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur) - Francesco Giannino (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II) - Fabrizio Cartenì (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II) - Stefano Mazzoleni (Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II) (2010) . Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework. Mountain Research and Development Centre for Development and Environment, Institute of Geography, University of Bern https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/eda4a382-9e82-46de-b2aa-a4a90cfca52b
 

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Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions
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Mountain Research and Development (2010) Volume: 30, Issue: 2, Pages: 127-142
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Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions
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Special Issue: Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions.
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  • K2 , Mount Everest , Nepal , Pakistan , Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone
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  • Participatory modeling , system dynamics , solid waste management , water quality , water pollution , Management of Mountain Protected Areas
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Mountain Research and Development Published by: International Mountain Society Table of Contents May 2010 : Volume 30 Issue 2  

Mountain Research and Development

Published by: International Mountain Society

Table of Contents

May 2010 : Volume 30 Issue 2

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Abstract:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework".  

Abstract:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework".

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Full Text:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework".  

Full Text:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework".

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Manfredi, E.C., B. Flury, G. Viviano, S. Thakuri, S.N. Khanal, P.K. Jha, R.K. Maskey, R.B. Kayastha, K.R Kafle, S.B. Bhochhibhoya,, N.P. Ghimire, , B.B. Shrestha, C. Gyanendra, F. Giannino, F. Carteni, S. Mazzoleni & F. Salerno. 2010.Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework. In: Special Issue “Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions”.Mountain Research and Development, 30(2): 127-142.

full text:http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1

abstract:http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1

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