eda4a382-9e82-46de-b2aa-a4a90cfca52b eng 715c283a-8076-4d66-9dc1-313aee660acf Ev-K2-CNR +39 035 3230511 +39 035 3230551 Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy metadata@evk2cnr.org http://www.evk2cnr.org/ 2011-11-01T12:38:31 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 EPSG Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework 2010-03-10T00:00:00 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions 2 127-142 Mountain Research and Development (2010) Volume: 30, Issue: 2, Pages: 127-142 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions 0276-4741 The problem of supporting decision- and policy-makers in managing issues related to solid waste and water quality was addressed within the context of a participatory modeling framework in the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone in Nepal. We present the main findings of management-oriented research projects conducted within this framework, thus providing an overview of the current situation in the park regarding solid waste and water quality issues. We found that most of the solid waste generated in the park is composed of organic matter, paper, and minor reused waste that is mainly reused for cattle feeding and manure, while disposal of other nondegradable categories of collected waste (glass, metal, and plastic) is not properly managed. Particularly, burning or disposal in open dumps poses a great hazard to environmental, human, and animal health, as most dump sites situated close to water courses are prone to regular flooding during the rainy season, thereby directly contaminating river water. Pollutants and microbiological contamination in water bodies were found and anthropogenic activities and hazardous practices such as solid waste dump sites, open defecation, and poor conditions of existing septic tanks are suggested as possibly affecting water quality. Collection of these data on solid waste and water quality and compilation of management information on the targeted social-ecological system allowed us to develop consensus-building models to be used as management supporting tools. By implementing such models, we were able to simulate scenarios identifying and evaluating possible management solutions and interventions in the park. This work reveals insights into general dynamics that can support the quest for solutions to waste and water quality management problems in other protected areas and mountain landscapes where traditional livelihood and land use patterns are changing under the influence of a growing population, changing consumption patterns, and international tourism. Special Issue: Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions. Mountain Research and Development Centre for Development and Environment, Institute of Geography, University of Bern +3902764741 Hallerstrasse 10 Bern 3012 Switzerland mrd-journal@cde.unibe.ch www.mrd-journal.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Emanuela Chiara Manfredi The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 03921694223 +39 0392004692 Via del Mulino, 19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy manfredi@irsa.cnr.it www.irsa.cnr.it Gaetano Viviano The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 03921694223 +39 0392004692 Via del Mulino, 19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy viviano@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it Franco Salerno The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 03921694221 +39 0392004692 Via del Mulino,19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy salerno@irsa.cnr.it www.irsa.cnr.it Bastian Flury Ev-K2-CNR Via San Bernardino, 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy bastian.flury@projectseed.net http://www.evk2cnr.org Sudeep Thakuri Ev-K2-CNR Via San Bernardino, 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy Sanjay Nath Khanal Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250 Kathmandu Nepal http://www.ku.edu.np/ Ramesh Kumar Maskey Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu http://www.ku.edu.np/ Rijan Bhakta Kayastha Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu http://www.ku.edu.np/ Kumud Raj Kafle Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu http://www.ku.edu.np/ Silu Bhochhibhoya Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu http://www.ku.edu.np/ Gyanendra Chaudhary Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, PO Box 6250, Kathmandu http://www.ku.edu.np/ Pramod Kumar Jha Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur PO Box 6132 Kathmandu Nepal http://www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np/ Narayan Prasad Ghimire Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur PO Box 6132 Kathmandu Nepal http://www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np/ Bharat Babu Shrestha Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur PO Box 6132, Kathmandu Nepal http://www.tribhuvan-university.edu.np/ Francesco Giannino Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II +39 0812531111 +39 0812539424 Via Università, 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy francesco.giannino@unina.it www.unina.it Fabrizio Cartenì Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II Via Università, 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy fabrizio.carteni@unina.it www.unina.it Stefano Mazzoleni Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II +39 0817754850 +39 0812532020 stefano.mazzoleni@unina.it www.unina.it https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=eda4a382-9e82-46de-b2aa-a4a90cfca52b&fname=mountain_witness__s.png thumbnail png SHARE K2 Mount Everest Nepal Pakistan Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone Participatory modeling system dynamics solid waste management water quality water pollution Management of Mountain Protected Areas eng elevation environment society 80.0522 88.1946 26.3684 30.4247 http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/0276-4741-30.2.66 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Mountain Research and Development Published by: International Mountain Society Table of Contents May 2010 : Volume 30 Issue 2 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Abstract:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework". http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Full Text:"Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework". Manfredi, E.C., B. Flury, G. Viviano, S. Thakuri, S.N. Khanal, P.K. Jha, R.K. Maskey, R.B. Kayastha, K.R Kafle, S.B. Bhochhibhoya,, N.P. Ghimire, , B.B. Shrestha, C. Gyanendra, F. Giannino, F. Carteni, S. Mazzoleni & F. Salerno. 2010.Solid Waste and Water Quality Management Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework. In: Special Issue “Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions”.Mountain Research and Development, 30(2): 127-142. full text:http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1 abstract:http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00028.1