European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements

European emissions of nine representative halocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, Halon 1211, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-22, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-152a) are derived for the year 2009 by combining long-term observations in Switzerland, Italy, and Ireland with campaign measurements from Hungary. For the first time, halocarbon emissions over Eastern Europe are assessed by top-down methods, and these results are compared to Western European emissions. The employed inversion method builds on least-squares optimization linking atmospheric observations with calculations from the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The aggregated halocarbon emissions over the study area are estimated at 125 (106–150) Tg of CO2 equiv/y, of which the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) make up the most important fraction with 41% (31–52%). We find that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions from banks are still significant and account for 35% (27–43%) of total halocarbon emissions in Europe. The regional differences in per capita emissions are only small for the HFCs, while emissions of CFCs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) tend to be higher in Western Europe compared to Eastern Europe. In total, the inferred per capita emissions are similar to estimates for China, but 3.5 (2.3–4.5) times lower than for the United States. Our study demonstrates the large benefits of adding a strategically well placed measurement site to the existing European observation network of halocarbons, as it extends the coverage of the inversion domain toward Eastern Europe and helps to better constrain the emissions over Central Europe.

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Alistair Manning (Met Office,Exeter) - Stefan Reimann (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Simon O'Doherty (School of Chemistry, University of Bristol) - Martin K. Vollmer (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Jgor Arduini (The University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" - Chemical Science Institute) - Michela Maione (The University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" - Chemical Science Institute) - Matthias Hill (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Stephan Henne (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Dominik Brunner (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Christoph A. Keller (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA)) - Zita Ferenczi (Hungarian Meteorological Service) - Laszlo Haszpra (Hungarian Meteorological Service) - Thomas Peter (Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zurich,) (2011) . European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements. American Chemical Society Publications-ACS https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/e0f909b8-b61e-40c0-b25f-af1c4f893a18

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File identifier: e0f909b8-b61e-40c0-b25f-af1c4f893a18 XML

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Metadata language: eng

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Climatology, meteorology, atmosphere
Environment

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halocarbons , hydrofluorocarbons , chlorofluorocarbon , hydrochlorofluorocarbons

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Switzerland , Ireland , Italy

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Lagrangian particle dispersion , model FLEXPART

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Date ( Publication ): 2011-12-16T00:00:00

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"European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements".

Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (1), pp 217–225.

Keller, C.A., Hill, M., Vollmer, M.K., Henne, S., Brunner, D., Reimann, S., O’Doherty, S., Arduini, J., Maione, M., Ferenczi, Z., Haszapra, L., Manning, J.A., Peter, T.