e0f909b8-b61e-40c0-b25f-af1c4f893a18 eng Ev-K2-CNR +39 035 3230511 +39 035 3230551 Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy metadata@evk2cnr.org http://www.evk2cnr.org/ 2012-03-10T21:35:31 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements 2011-12-16T00:00:00 Environ. Sci and Technol.,vol.46 1 217-225 Environ. Sci and Technol., 46(1):217-225, 2011. 0013-936X European emissions of nine representative halocarbons (CFC-11, CFC-12, Halon 1211, HCFC-141b, HCFC-142b, HCFC-22, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFC-152a) are derived for the year 2009 by combining long-term observations in Switzerland, Italy, and Ireland with campaign measurements from Hungary. For the first time, halocarbon emissions over Eastern Europe are assessed by top-down methods, and these results are compared to Western European emissions. The employed inversion method builds on least-squares optimization linking atmospheric observations with calculations from the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART. The aggregated halocarbon emissions over the study area are estimated at 125 (106–150) Tg of CO2 equiv/y, of which the hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) make up the most important fraction with 41% (31–52%). We find that chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) emissions from banks are still significant and account for 35% (27–43%) of total halocarbon emissions in Europe. The regional differences in per capita emissions are only small for the HFCs, while emissions of CFCs and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) tend to be higher in Western Europe compared to Eastern Europe. In total, the inferred per capita emissions are similar to estimates for China, but 3.5 (2.3–4.5) times lower than for the United States. Our study demonstrates the large benefits of adding a strategically well placed measurement site to the existing European observation network of halocarbons, as it extends the coverage of the inversion domain toward Eastern Europe and helps to better constrain the emissions over Central Europe. Alistair Manning Met Office,Exeter FitzRoy Road Exeter EX1 3PB United Kingdom alistair.manning@metoffice.gov.uk http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/people/alistair-manning WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Stefan Reimann Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 0587654638 +41 0587661122 Überlandstrasse 129 Düebendrof ZH CH-8600 Switzerland stefan.reimann@empa.ch www.empa.ch WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Simon O'Doherty School of Chemistry, University of Bristol +44 1179289186 +44 1179252990 Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS United Kingdom s.odoherty@bristol.ac.uk http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk Martin K. Vollmer Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 587654242 Überlandstrasse 129 Duebendorf ZH CH-8600 martin.vollmer@empa.ch http://www.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/357/*/---/l=/uacc=vmk134 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Jgor Arduini The University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" - Chemical Science Institute +39 0722303316 +39 0722303311 Piazza Rinascimento 6 Urbino PU 61029 Italy j.arduini@uniurb.it www.unirb.it Michela Maione The University of Urbino "Carlo Bo" - Chemical Science Institute +39 0722303316 +39 0722303310 Piazza Rinascimento 6 Urbino PU 61029 Italy michela.maione@uniurb.it www.unirb.it Matthias Hill Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 587654668 Überlandstrasse 129 Duebendorf ZH CH-8600 Switzerland matthias.hill@empa.ch http://www.empa.ch/plugin/template/empa/357/*/---/l=2/changeLang=true/lartid=/orga=/type=/theme=/bestellbar=/new_abt=/uacc=him134 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Stephan Henne Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 587654628 Überlandstrasse 129 Duebendorf ZH CH-8600 Switzerland Stephan.Henne@empa.ch www.empa.ch Dominik Brunner Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 587654493 Überlandstrasse 129 Duebendorf ZH CH-8600 Switzerland Dominik.Brunner@empa.ch www.empa.ch Christoph A. Keller Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Research (EMPA) +41 587654259 Überlandstrasse 129 Dübendorf ZH CH-8600 Switzerland Christoph.Keller@empa.ch http://www.empa.ch Zita Ferenczi Hungarian Meteorological Service Budapest H-1675 Hungary ferenczi.z@met.hu www.met.hu/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Laszlo Haszpra Hungarian Meteorological Service +49 72160822434 Budapest H-1675 Hungary haszpra.l@met.hu www.met.hu/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Thomas Peter Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Sciences, ETH Zurich, +41 446332756 +41 446331058 Universitätstrasse 16 Zurich CH-8092 Switzerland thomas.peter@env.ethz.ch http://www.iac.ethz.ch/people/petert WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related American Chemical Society Publications-ACS 1155 Sixteenth Street N.W. Washington DC 20036 United States of America http://pubs.acs.org https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=e0f909b8-b61e-40c0-b25f-af1c4f893a18&fname=mountain_witness__s.png thumbnail png SHARE halocarbons hydrofluorocarbons chlorofluorocarbon hydrochlorofluorocarbons Switzerland Ireland Italy Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART eng climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment -11.5 43.2 35.3 81.4 http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es202453j WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Abstract:"European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements" http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es202453j WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Full Text(html):""European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements". https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/webapp/srv/en/resources.get?id=37846&fname=es202453j.pdf&access=private WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download es202453j.pdf Full Text (pdf):"European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements". "European Emissions of Halogenated Greenhouse Gases Inferred from Atmospheric Measurements". Environ. Sci. Technol., 2012, 46 (1), pp 217–225. Keller, C.A., Hill, M., Vollmer, M.K., Henne, S., Brunner, D., Reimann, S., O’Doherty, S., Arduini, J., Maione, M., Ferenczi, Z., Haszapra, L., Manning, J.A., Peter, T.