Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009
Two years of harmonized aerosol number size distribution data from 24 European field monitoring sites have been analysed. The results give a comprehensive overview of the European near surface aerosol particle number concentrations and number size distributions between 30 and 500 nm of dry particle diameter. Spatial and temporal distribution of aerosols in the particle sizes most important for climate applications are presented. We also analyse the annual, weekly and diurnal cycles of the aerosol number concentrations, provide log-normal fitting parameters for median number size distributions, and give guidance notes for data users. Emphasis is placed on the usability of results within the aerosol modelling community.
We also show that the aerosol number concentrations of Aitken and accumulation mode particles (with 100 nm dry diameter as a cut-off between modes) are related, although there is significant variation in the ratios of the modal number concentrations. Different aerosol and station types are distinguished from this data and this methodology has potential for further categorization of stations aerosol number size distribution types.
The European submicron aerosol was divided into characteristic types: Central European aerosol, characterized by single mode median size distributions, unimodal number concentration histograms and low variability in CCN-sized aerosol number concentrations; Nordic aerosol with low number concentrations, although showing pronounced seasonal variation of especially Aitken mode particles; Mountain sites (altitude over 1000 m a.s.l.) with a strong seasonal cycle in aerosol number concentrations, high variability, and very low median number concentrations. Southern and Western European regions had fewer stations, which decreases the regional coverage of these results. Aerosol number concentrations over the Britain and Ireland had very high variance and there are indications of mixed air masses from several source regions; the Mediterranean aerosol exhibit high seasonality, and a strong accumulation mode in the summer. The greatest concentrations were observed at the Ispra station in Northern Italy with high accumulation mode number concentrations in the winter. The aerosol number concentrations at the Arctic station Zeppelin in Ny-\AA lesund in Svalbard have also a strong seasonal cycle, with greater concentrations of accumulation mode particles in winter, and dominating summer Aitken mode indicating more recently formed particles. Observed particles did not show any statistically significant regional work-week or weekday related variation in number concentrations studied.
Analysis products are made for open-access to the research community, available in a freely accessible internet site. The results give to the modelling community a reliable, easy-to-use and freely available comparison dataset of aerosol size distributions.
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Citation proposal
Ari Asmi (Department of Physics, University of Helsinki) - Alfred Wiedensohler (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research) - Paolo Laj (CNRS Laboratory of Meteorology Physics - Laboratory of Glaciology) - Ann Mari Fjaeraa (Norwegian Institute for Air Research) - Karine Sellegri (Blaise Pascal University) - Wolfram Birmili (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research,) - Ernest Weingartner (Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,) - Vladimír Ždímal (Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR,) - Nadežda Zíková (Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR,) - Jean Philippe Putaud (European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability,) - Angela Marinoni (Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) - CNR) - Peter Tunved (Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,) - Hans-Christen Hansson (Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,) - Markus Fiebig (Norwegian Institute for Air Research Instituttveien 18) - N. Kivekäs (Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,) - Heikki Lihavainen (Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,) - Eija Asmi (Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,) - Vidamantas Ulevicius (Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Savanoriu 231,) - Pasi Aalto (University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,) - Erik Swietlicki (Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University,) - Nikolaos Mihalopoulos (Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete,) - Nikos Kalivitis (Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Crete,) - Ivo Kalapov (Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) - G. Kiss (Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia) - Gerrit de Leeuw (Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,) - J.S. Henzing (TNO—Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research) - Roy M. Harrison (National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,) - David Beddows (National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,) - Colin D. O'Dowd (School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway) - S.Gerard Jennings (School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway) - Harald Flentje (German Meteorological Service,Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg) - K. Weinhold (Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Germany) - Frank Meinhardt (German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),) - Ludwig Ries (German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),) - Markku Kulmala (University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,) (2011) . Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009. Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications) https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/fe16c403-f832-4815-80a0-fa96d0f7fed0 |
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- aerosol , aerosol number size distribution , aerosol number concentrations
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“Number size distributions and seasonality of submicron particles in Europe 2008–2009”
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 5505-5538, 2011
www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/5505/2011/
doi:10.5194/acp-11-5505-2011
A. Asmi, A. Wiedensohler, P. Laj, A.-M. Fjaeraa, K. Sellegri, W. Birmili, E. Weingartner, U. Baltensperger, V. Zdimal, N. Zikova, J.-P. Putaud, A. Marinoni, P. Tunved, H.-C. Hansson, M. Fiebig, N. Kivekäs, H. Lihavainen, E. Asmi, V. Ulevicius, P. P. Aalto, E. Swietlicki, A. Kristensson, N. Mihalopoulos, N. Kalivitis, I. Kalapov, G. Kiss, G. de Leeuw,, B. Henzing, R. M. Harrison, D. Beddows, C. O'Dowd, S. G. Jennings, H. Flentje, K. Weinhold, F. Meinhardt, L. Ries, and M. Kulmala
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- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
- ari.asmi@helsinki.fi
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- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
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- CNRS Laboratory of Meteorology Physics - Laboratory of Glaciology
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- Norwegian Institute for Air Research
- Ann.Mari.Fjaeraa@nilu.no
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- Blaise Pascal University
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- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research,
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- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,
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- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR,
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- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability,
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- Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,
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- Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,
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- Norwegian Institute for Air Research Instituttveien 18
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- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
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- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
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- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
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- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Savanoriu 231,
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- University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,
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- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University,
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- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete,
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- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
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- Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia
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- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
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- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
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- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
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- School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway
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- School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway
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- German Meteorological Service,Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg
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- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Germany
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- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),
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- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),
- ludwig.ries@uba.de
- Organisation name
- University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,
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- Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications)
- info@copernicus.org
- Organisation name
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki
- ari.asmi@helsinki.fi
- Organisation name
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research
- Organisation name
- CNRS Laboratory of Meteorology Physics - Laboratory of Glaciology
- Organisation name
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research
- Ann.Mari.Fjaeraa@nilu.no
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- Blaise Pascal University
- Organisation name
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research,
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- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry,
- Organisation name
- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR,
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- Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR,
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- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability,
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- Organisation name
- Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) - CNR
- a.marinoni@isac.cnr.it
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- Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,
- peter.tunved@itm.su.se
- Organisation name
- Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University,
- HC@itm.su.se
- Organisation name
- Norwegian Institute for Air Research Instituttveien 18
- Markus.Fiebig@nilu.no
- Organisation name
- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
- niku.kivekas@fmi.fi
- Organisation name
- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
- heikki.lihavainen@fmi.fi
- Organisation name
- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
- eija.asmi@fmi.fi
- Organisation name
- Center for Physical Sciences and Technology Savanoriu 231,
- ulevicv@ktl.mii.lt
- Organisation name
- University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,
- pasi.p.aalto@helsinki.fi
- Organisation name
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University,
- Organisation name
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete,
- mihalo@chemistry.uoc.gr
- Organisation name
- Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Dept. of Chemistry, Univ. of Crete,
- nkalivitis@hotmail.com
- Organisation name
- Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- kalapov@inrne.bas.bg
- Organisation name
- Air Chemistry Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Pannonia
- kissgy@almos.vein.hu
- Organisation name
- Research and Development, Finnish Meteorological Institute,
- gerrit.leeuw@fmi.fi
- Organisation name
- TNO—Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research
- bas.henzing@tno.nl
- Organisation name
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
- r.m.harrison@bham.ac.uk
- Organisation name
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham,
- d.c.beddows@bham.ac.uk
- Organisation name
- School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway
- colin.odowd@nuigalway.ie
- Organisation name
- School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway
- Organisation name
- German Meteorological Service,Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg
- harald.flentje@dwd.de
- Organisation name
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Germany
- Organisation name
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),
- frank.meinhardt@uba.de
- Organisation name
- German Federal Environment Agency (UBA),
- ludwig.ries@uba.de
- Organisation name
- University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences,
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