8796a712-80a0-4b91-99cf-a5f451516215 eng Ev-K2-CNR +39 035 3230511 +39 035 3230551 Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy metadata@evk2cnr.org http://www.evk2cnr.org/ 2012-03-15T17:24:28 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer ACP - Special Issue 2011-12-05T00:00:00 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11, 23 12007-12036 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11, Issue 23, 2011, pp.12007-12036 European Integrated Project on Aerosol-Cloud-Climate and Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) 1680-7316 It is important to understand the relative contribution of primary and secondary particles to regional and global aerosol so that models can attribute aerosol radiative forcing to different sources. In large-scale models, there is considerable uncertainty associated with treatments of particle formation (nucleation) in the boundary layer (BL) and in the size distribution of emitted primary particles, leading to uncertainties in predicted cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations. Here we quantify how primary particle emissions and secondary particle formation influence size-resolved particle number concentrations in the BL using a global aerosol microphysics model and aircraft and ground site observations made during the May 2008 campaign of the European Integrated Project on Aerosol Cloud Climate Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI). We tested four different parameterisations for BL nucleation and two assumptions for the emission size distribution of anthropogenic and wildfire carbonaceous particles. When we emit carbonaceous particles at small sizes (as recommended by the Aerosol Intercomparison project, AEROCOM), the spatial distributions of campaign-mean number concentrations of particles with diameter >50 nm (N50) and >100 nm (N100) were well captured by the model (R2>0.8) and the normalised mean bias (NMB) was also small (-18% for N50 and -1% for N100). Emission of carbonaceous particles at larger sizes, which we consider to be more realistic for low spatial resolution global models, results in equally good correlation but larger bias (R2>0.8, NMB = -52% and -29%), which could be partly but not entirely compensated by BL nucleation. Within the uncertainty of the observations and accounting for the uncertainty in the size of emitted primary particles, BL nucleation makes a statistically significant contribution to CCN-sized particles at less than a quarter of the ground sites. Our results show that a major source of uncertainty in CCN-sized particles in polluted European air is the emitted size of primary carbonaceous particles. New information is required not just from direct observations, but also to determine the "effective emission size" and composition of primary particles appropriate for different resolution models. Copernicus GmbH (Copernicus Publications) +49 5519003390 +49 55190033970 Bahnhofsallee 1e Göttingen 37081 Germany info@copernicus.org http://www.copernicus.org/ Carly L. Reddington Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, +44 01133436473 Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom c.reddington@see.leeds.ac.uk ear3clsr@leeds.ac.uk http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/people/c.reddington WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Ken S. Carslaw Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, +44 01133431597 Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom lecksc@ds.leeds.ac.uk http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/people/k.carslaw WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Dominick V. Spracklen Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment +44 01133437488 Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom d.v.spracklen@leeds.ac.uk http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/people/d.spracklen WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related L. Collins Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom www.leeds.ac.uk WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners J. Merikanto Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science, School of Earth and Environment Leeds LS2 9JT United Kingdom j.merikanto@leeds.ac.uk http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners M. Grazia Frontoso C2SM , ETH +41 0446327975 Universitätstrasse 16 Zürich ZH 8092 Switzerland grazia.frontoso@env.ethz.ch http://www.c2sm.ethz.ch/people/mariaf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Markku Kulmala University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences, +358 0919150756 P.O. Box 64 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland markku.kulmala@helsinki.fi http://www.helsinki.fi/facultyofscience/research/kulmala.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Pasi Aalto University of Helsinki, Dept of Physics,Division of Atmospheric Sciences, +358 504156681 +358 919150860 P.O. Box 64 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland pasi.p.aalto@helsinki.fi http://www.atm.helsinki.fi/~ppaalto/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Andreas Minikin Institute of Atmospheric Physics, +49 08153282538 +49 08153281841 Münchner Strasse 20 Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling 82230 Germany Andreas.Minikin@dlr.de http://www.dlr.de/pa WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Thomas Hamburger Institute of Atmospheric Physics, +49 8153282523 Münchner Strasse 20 Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling 82230 Germany thomas.hamburger@dlr.de http://www.dlr.de/pa WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Hugh Coe School of Earth, Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Williamson Building Oxford Road Manchester M13 9PL United Kingdom hugh.coe@manchester.ac.uk http://www.seaes.manchester.ac.uk/aboutus/staff/staffprofile.php?id=113 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Harald Flentje Deutscher Wetterdienst,Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg +49 8805954104 +49 8805954230 Frankfurter Strasse 135 Offenbach 63067 Germany harald.flentje@dwd.de http://www.dwd.de WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Christian Plass-Dülmer Deutscher Wetterdienst,Meteorological Observatory Hohenpeissenberg +8805954140 Frankfurter Strasse 135 Offenbach 63067 Germany Christian.Plass-Duelmer@dwd.de http://www.dwd.de/gaw WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Wolfram Birmili Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research +49 03412353437 +49 03412352361 Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig, Germany 04318 Germany birmili@tropos.de http://www.tropos.de/info/birmili_w.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Alfred Wiedensohler Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Reseach +49 3412352467 +49 1735641482 +49 3412352361 Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany alfred.wiedensohler@tropos.de http://www.tropos.de/info/wiedensohler_a.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Birgit Wehner Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Reseach +49 3412352841 +49 3412352361 Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany birgit@tropos.de http://www.tropos.de/info/wehner_b.pdf WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Thomas Tuch Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, +49 3412352537 Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany tuch@tropos.de www.tropos.de WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Andre Sonntag Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, +49 3412353519 Permoserstrasse 15 Leipzig 04318 Germany andre.sonntag@tropos.de http://www.tropos.de WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Colin D. O'Dowd School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway +353 91493306 University Road Galway Galway Ireland colin.odowd@nuigalway.ie http://www.nuigalway.ie/physics/staff_pages/c_odowd/index.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related S.Gerard Jennings School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway +353 91524411 +353 91750452 +353 91750584 University Road Galway Galway Ireland gerard.jennings@nuigalway.ie http://macehead.nuigalway.ie/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Regis Dupuy School of Physics & Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Ryan Institute, National University of Ireland Galway +353 91524411 University Road Galway Galway Ireland regis.dupuy@nuigalway.ie http://macehead.nuigalway.ie WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Urs Baltensperger Paul Scherrer Institut, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, +41 563102408 +41 563104525 Villigen CH-5232 Switzerland urs.baltensperger@psi.ch http://lac.web.psi.ch/LAC_Staff/personal_homepages/baltensperger_personal.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Ernest Weingartner Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, +41 563102405 +41 563104525 Villigen CH-5232 Switzerland ernest.weingartner@psi.ch http://lac.web.psi.ch/LAC_Staff/personal_homepages/weingartner_personal.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Hans-Christen Hansson Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University, +46 086747290 ITM, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden HC@itm.su.se http://www.itm.su.se/page.php?pid=536&id=19 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Peter Tunved Institute for Applied Environmental Research, Stockholm University, +46 86747291 ITM, Stockholm University, Stockholm SE-106 91 Sweden peter.tunved@itm.su.se http://www.itm.su.se/page.php?pid=536&id=57 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Paolo Laj CNRS Laboratory of Meteorology Physics - Laboratory of Glaciology +33685628874 +33473405132 Avenue des Landais Aubiere Cedex 63177 France aj@lgge.obs.ujf-grenoble.fr http://wwwobs.univ-bpclermont.fr/ Karine Sellegri Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS, +33 0473407394 +33 0473405136 24 avenue des Landais Aubières 63177 France K.Sellegri@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr http://wwwobs.univ-bpclermont.fr/atmos/fr/RechercheLDAP.php?nom=Sellegri&Structure=UMR6016 Julien Boulon Physical Laboratory of Meteorology, University Blaise Pascal,CNRS +33 473405278 24,avenue des Landais Aubière 63177 France j.boulon@opgc.univ-bpclermont.fr http://wwwobs.univ-bpclermont.fr/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Jean Philippe Putaud European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, +39 0332785041 +39 0332785837 Via E. Fermi 2749 Ispra VA 21027 Italy jean.putaud@jrc.it jean.putaud@jrc.ec.europa.eu http://ccaqu.jrc.ec.europa.eu/person.php?i=putaud WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Carsten Gruening European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Via E. Fermi 2749 Ispra VA 21027 Italy carsten.gruening@jrc.it carsten.gruening@jrc.ec.europa.eu http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/contact.html Erik Swietlicki Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, +46 0462229680 +46 0709924512 +46 462224709 P.O. Box 118 Lund 22100 Sweden Erik.Swietlicki@pixe.lth.se Erik.Swietlicki@nuclear.lu.se http://www.fysik.lu.se/eriksw/contactme.htm WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Pontus Roldin Division of Nuclear Physics, Lund University, +46 02229598 P.O. Box 118 Lund 22100 Sweden pontus.roldin@nuclear.lu.se http://www.lth.se J. S. Henzing TNO—Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research, +31 888662036 Princetonlaan 6 Utrecht 7334 DT Netherlands bas.henzing@tno.nl http://www.cesar-observatory.nl/index.php?pageID=5006&people_ID=15 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Marcel Moerman Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research, TNO, P.O. Box 96864 The Hague JG 2509 Netherlands moerman@fel.tno.nl http://www.tno.nl WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Nikolaos Mihalopoulos Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, +30 2810545062 POBox 2208 Heraklion Crete 71003 Greece mihalo@chemistry.uoc.gr http://ecpl.chemistry.uoc.gr/en/personnel/mihalopoulos.htm WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Giorgios Kouvarakis Environmental Chemical Processes Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Crete +30 2810393638 +30 2810393601 POBox 2208 Heraklion Crete 71003 Greece kouvarak@chemistry.uoc.gr http://ecpl.chemistry.uoc.gr/en/personnel/ WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Vladimír Ždímal Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, +420 220390246 +420 220390354 +420 220920661 Rozvojová 135/1 Prague Praha-Lysolaje 165 02 Czech Republic zdimal@icpf.cas.cz http://www.icpf.cas.cz/en/user/zdimal WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Nadežda Zíková Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the AS CR, +420 220390203 Rozvojová 135/1 Prague Praha-Lysolaje 165 02 Czech Republic zikova@icpf.cas.cz http://www.icpf.cas.cz/en/user/zikova WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Angela Marinoni Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) - CNR +39 051 6399597 +39 051 6399652 Via Gobetti,101 Bologna BO 40129 Italy a.marinoni@isac.cnr.it www.isac.cnr.it Paolo Bonasoni Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) - CNR +39 0516399590 +39 0516399652 Via Gobetti,101 Bologna BO 40129 Italy p.bonasoni@isac.cnr.it www.isac.cnr.it Rocco Duchi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC) - CNR +051 6399584 Via Gobetti,101 Bologna BO 40129 Italy R.Duchi@isac.cnr.it www.isac.cnr.it https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=8796a712-80a0-4b91-99cf-a5f451516215&fname=mountain_witness__s.png thumbnail png SHARE European Integrated Project Air Quality Interactions (EUCAARI) Aerosol Cloud Climate Europe particle number concentrations boundary layer primary particles secondary particles eng climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere environment -11.5 43.2 35.3 81.4 http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/12007/2011/acp-11-12007-2011.html WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Abstract:"Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer." https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/webapp/srv/en/resources.get?id=37873&fname=acp-11-12007-2011.pdf&access=private WWW:DOWNLOAD-1.0-http--download acp-11-12007-2011.pdf Full Text(pdf):"Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer." "Primary versus secondary contributions to particle number concentrations in the European boundary layer". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Volume 11, Issue 23, 2011, pp.12007-12036. Reddington, C.L., Carslaw, K.S., Spracklen, D.V., Frontoso, M.G., Collins, L., Merikanto, J., Minikin, A., Hamburger, T., Coe, H., Kulmala, M., Aalto, P., Flentje, H., Plass-Dülmer, C., Birmili, W., Wiedensohler, A., Wehner, B., Tuch, T., Sonntag, A., O'Dowd, C.D., Jennings, S.G., Dupuy, R., Baltensperger, U., Weingartner, E., Hansson, H.-C., Tunved, P., Laj, P., Sellegri, K., Boulon, J., Putaud, J.-P., Gruening, C., Swietlicki, E., Roldin, P., Henzing, J.S., Moerman, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Kouvarakis, G., Ždímal, V., Zíková, N., Marinoni, A., Bonasoni, P., Duchi, R.