e605107e-6ae0-4802-92cd-7049429c722c eng 715c283a-8076-4d66-9dc1-313aee660acf Ev-K2-CNR +39 035 3230511 +39 035 3230551 Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy metadata@evk2cnr.org http://www.evk2cnr.org/ 2025-02-21T19:02:15 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 WGS84 EPSG Experience with a Hard and Soft Participatory Modeling Framework for Social-Ecological System Management in Mt Everest (Nepal) and K2 (Pakistan) Protected Areas 2011-06-10T08:00:00 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions Issue 2 80-93 Mountain Research and Development 30(2):80-93. 2010 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions 0276-4741 High mountains have sensitive social-ecological systems (SESs) characterized by fragility, complexity, and marginality. The local economies of these environments mainly rely on primary production, tourism, and leisure activities; thus human–ecosystem interactions are intricately linked. Many authors stress that this strict relationship must be assisted with a participatory approach involving interested stakeholders in the conceptualization, specification, and synthesis of knowledge and experience into useable information for the express purpose of addressing a problem complex. This paper presents experience garnered with a participatory modeling framework combining hard and soft methodology in 2 case studies: the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (Nepal) and the Central Karakoram National Park (Pakistan). The modeling framework was developed based on local stakeholders' demands and needs; it consists of 5 modules, briefly presented here along with their conceptual background. In developing the framework, particular emphasis was given to considering the needs of decision-makers at the local level, rather than simply providing technical solutions to abstract problems. From the development of this modeling process, a need emerged to structure a management-oriented research module in order to generate management knowledge that is both stakeholder-relevant and evidence-based. The application of the framework in the 2 cases studies showed that the modeling can trigger valuable discussion among stakeholders as well as guidance for management-oriented research and feedback loops ensuring validation of knowledge. In addition, the resulting scenarios can help decision-makers in defining pathways for sustainable development in mountain areas, where people's livelihoods are closely dependent on ecosystems. The framework was developed in such a way that it can be replicated in other mountain areas with similar challenges. Special Issue: Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions. International Mountain Society +390276-4741 Hallerstrasse 10 Bern 3012 Switzerland mrd-journal@cde.unibe.ch www.mrd-journal.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Franco Salerno The Water Research Institute(IRSA)–CNR +39 039 21694221 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino, 19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy salerno@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Emanuela Chiara Manfredi The Water Research Institute(IRSA)–CNR +39 039 21694 223 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino, 19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy manfredi@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Gaetano Viviano The Water Research Institute(IRSA)–CNR +39 039 21694223 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino, 19 Brugherio MB 20047 Italy viviano@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it/ShCard.php?lang=en&id=151 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Emanuele Cuccillato Project Management Unit, HKKH Partnership Project, International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) PO Box 3923 Kathmandu Nepal emanuele@iucn.org.np www.iucnnepal.org Paolo Caroli CESVI via Broseta 68/a Bergamo BG 24128 Italy www.cesvi.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Daniele Panzeri CESVI via Broseta 68/a Bergamo BG 24128 Italy www.cesvi.org Birendra Bajracharya Mountain Environment and Natural Resources Information System (MENRIS), International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) GPO Box 3226 Kathmandu Nepal bbajracharya@icimod.org http://www.icimod.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Francesco Giannino Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy,University Federico II,, +39 0812531111 +39 0812539424 Via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy francesco.giannino@unina.it www.unina.it Sudeep Thakuri Ev-K2-CNR Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy http://www.evk2cnr.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Bastian Flury Ev-K2-CNR Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy bastian.flury@projectseed.net http://www.evk2cnr.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Marcello Basani Ev-K2-CNR Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy marcello.basani@economia.unitn.it http://www.evk2cnr.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=e605107e-6ae0-4802-92cd-7049429c722c&fname=mountain_witness__s.png thumbnail png K2 Mount Everest Nepal Pakistan Management of Mountain Protected Areas System dynamics modeling scenarios adaptive management qualitative modeling social-ecological systems quantitative modeling management-oriented research SHARE eng environment society 40.25 158.71 -12.73 55.02 http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/0276-4741-30.2.66 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Mountain Research and Development Published by: International Mountain Society Table of Contents May 2010 : Volume 30 Issue 2 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00014.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Abstract:"Experience with a Hard and Soft Participatory Modeling Framework for Social-Ecological System Management in Mt Everest (Nepal) and K2 (Pakistan) Protected Areas". http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00014.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Full text:"Experience with a Hard and Soft Participatory Modeling Framework for Social-Ecological System Management in Mt Everest (Nepal) and K2 (Pakistan) Protected Areas". Salerno, F., E. Cuccillato, P. Caroli, B. Bajracharya, E.C. Manfredi , G. Viviano, S. Thakuri, B. Flury, M. Basani & D. Panzeri. 2010. Experience with a Hard and Soft Participatory Modeling Framework for Social-Ecological System Management in Mt Everest (Nepal) and K2 (Pakistan) Protected Areas. In: Special Issue “Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions”.Mountain Research and Development, 30(2): 80-93.