972b447c-dfa1-4063-9428-cafe5ed01e35 eng 715c283a-8076-4d66-9dc1-313aee660acf Ev-K2-CNR +39 035 3230511 +39 035 3230551 Via San Bernardino 145 Bergamo BG 24126 Italy metadata@evk2cnr.org http://www.evk2cnr.org/ 2025-02-21T19:01:18 ISO 19115:2003/19139 1.0 WGS84 EPSG Energy, Forest, and Indoor Air Pollution Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework 2010-03-10T00:00:00 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions 2 113-126 Mountain Research and Development 30(2):113-126. 2010 Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions 0276-4741 This paper presents the results of management-oriented research on energy, forest, and human health issues in a remote mountain area, the Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone (SNPBZ), Nepal. The research was based on a broader, integrated participatory framework ultimately intended for use in adaptive management. The present study focused on the application of a participatory modeling framework to address problems related to energy demand and consumption, forest condition, and indoor air pollution, which were defined by the stakeholders as important issues to be addressed. The models were developed using a generalizing design that allows for user-friendly adaptation to other contexts (free download at http://hkkhpartnership.org). Moreover, we simulated management scenarios in collaboration with all modeling actors with the aim of building consensus on the understanding of the system as well as supporting decision-makers' capacity not only to respond to changes, but also to anticipate them. Importantly, the system dynamics assessment found that the SNPBZ forests are affected by an increasing demand for fuelwood (occurring due to tourism growth), as one of the main sources of energy. Selected forests show an average reduction of 38% in forest biomass from 1992 to 2008. This shows that the business-as-usual scenario is unlikely to result in the preservation of the current forest status; in fact, such preservation would require 75% of fuelwood to be replaced with alternative energy sources. At the same time, a 75% reduction of fuelwood use (and an 80% reduction of dung use) would reduce indoor carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations to the standard limits for CO exposure set by the World Health Organization. Special Issue: Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions. International Mountain Society +390276-4741 Hallerstrasse 10 Bern 3012 Switzerland mrd-journal@cde.unibe.ch www.mrd-journal.org WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Franco Salerno The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 039 21694221 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino 19 Brugherio MI 20047 Italy salerno@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Gaetano Viviano The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 039 21694223 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino 19 Brugherio MI 20047 Italy viviano@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Emanuela Chiara Manfredi The Water Research Institute (IRSA)-CNR +39 039 21694 223 +39 039 2004692 Via del Mulino 19 Brugherio MI 20047 Italy manfredi@irsa.cnr.it http://www.irsa.cnr.it Maria Teresa Melis University of Cagliari, Department of Earth Science 00390706757788 Via Trentino 51 Cagliari CA 09127 Italy titimelis@unica.it www.unica.it Ramesh Kumar Maskey Kathmandu University ++977 (011) 661399 PO Box 6250 Kathmandu Nepal rmaskey@ku.edu.np http://www.ku.edu.np WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Sanjay Nath Khanal Kathmandu University PO Box 6250 Kathmandu Nepal Silu Bhochhibhoya Kathmandu University PO Box 6250 Kathmandu Nepal Atindra Sapkota Kathmandu University PO Box 6250 Nepal Dinesh Bhuju Nepali Academy of Science and Technology Marco Carrer TESAF Department,University of Padova, +39 0498272753 +39 049 8272686 Viale dell'Università 16 Legnaro PD 35020 Italy Marco.Carrer@unipd.it www.unipd.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Francesco Giannino Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II, +39 0812539424 +39 0812539424 Via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy francesco.giannino@unina.it www.unina.it WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Anna Staiano Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II, Via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy annastaiano1982@hotmail.com www.unina.it Fabrizio Carteni Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II, Via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy www.unina.it Stefano Mazzoleni Department of Agricultural Engineering and Agronomy, University Federico II, Via Università 100 Portici NA 80055 Italy stefano.mazzoleni@unina.it http://www.ecoap.unina.it/ Annalisa Cogo Biomedical Research Centre applied to sport, University of Ferrara +39 0532210420 +39 0532455888 +39 0532210297 Via Gramicia 35 Ferrara FE 44123 Italy annalisa.cogo@unife.it http://www.unife.it/centri/centro/studi-biomedici https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/eng/resources.get?uuid=972b447c-dfa1-4063-9428-cafe5ed01e35&fname=mountain_witness__s.png thumbnail png SHARE Mount Everest Nepal Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone Management of Mountain Protected Areas Participatory modeling system dynamics energy management forest management indoor air pollution Mount Everest Nepal Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone Management of Mountain Protected Areas Participatory modeling system dynamics energy management forest management indoor air pollution Mount Everest Nepal Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone Management of Mountain Protected Areas Participatory modeling system dynamics energy management forest management indoor air pollution eng environment society 80.0522 88.1946 26.3684 30.4247 http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/0276-4741-30.2.66 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--partners Mountain Research and Development Published by: International Mountain Society Table of Contents May 2010 : Volume 30 Issue 2 http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00027.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Abstract:"Energy, Forest, and Indoor Air Pollution Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework". http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00027.1 WWW:LINK-1.0-http--related Full text:""Energy, Forest, and Indoor Air Pollution Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal:Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework". Salerno, F., G. Viviano, S. Thakuri, B. Flury, R.K. Maskey, S.N. Khanal , D. Bhuju, M. Carrer , S. Bhochhibhoya, M.T. Melis, F. Giannino , A. Staiano, F. Carteni, S. Mazzoleni, A. Cogo, A. Sapkota, S. Shrestha, R.K. Pandey & E.C. Manfredi. 2010. "Energy, Forest, and Indoor Air Pollution Models for Sagarmatha National Park and Buffer Zone, Nepal: Implementation of a Participatory Modeling Framework." In: Special Issue “Methodologies and Tools for the Management of Mountain Protected Areas: Mount Everest (Nepal, China) and K2 (Pakistan) Regions”.Mountain Research and Development, 30(2): 113-126.