Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park

Twenty-five years ago, the snow leopard Uncia uncia, an endangered large cat, was eliminated from what is now Sagarmatha National Park (SNP). Heavy hunting pressure depleted that area of most medium–large mammals, before it became a park. After three decades of protection, the cessation of hunting and the recovery of wild ungulate populations, snow leopards have recently returned (four individuals). We have documented the effects of the return of the snow leopard on the population of its main wild prey, the Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicus, a ‘near-threatened’ caprin. Signs of snow leopard presence were recorded and scats were collected along a fixed trail (130 km) to assess the presence and food habits of the snow leopard in the Park, from 2004 to 2006. Himalayan tahr, the staple of the diet, had a relative occurrence of 48% in summer and 37% in autumn, compared with the next most frequent prey, musk deer Moschus chrysogaster (summer: 20%; autumn: 15%) and cattle (summer: 15%; autumn: 27%). In early summer, the birth rate of tahr (young-to-female ratio: 0.8–0.9) was high. The decrease of this ratio to 0.1–0.2 in autumn implied that summer predation concentrated on young tahr, eventually altering the population by removing the kid cohort. Small populations of wild Caprinae, for example the Himalayan tahr population in SNP, are sensitive to stochastic predation events and may be led to almost local extinction. If predation on livestock keeps growing, together with the decrease of Himalayan tahr, retaliatory killing of snow leopards by local people may be expected, and the snow leopard could again be at risk of local extinction. Restoration of biodiversity through the return of a large predator has to be monitored carefully, especially in areas affected by humans, where the lack of important environmental components, for example key prey species, may make the return of a predator a challenging event.
 
Citation proposal
Sandro Lovari (University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science) - Roberto Boesi (University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science) - Isabelle Minder (University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science) - Nadia Mucci (INFS - Italia) - Ettore Randi (INFS - Italia) - Andrea Dematteis (Università degli Studi di Torino) (2009) . Restoring a keystone predator may endanger a prey species in a human-altered ecosystem: the return of the snow leopard to Sagarmatha National Park. https://geoportal.mountaingenius.org/geonetwork/srv/api/records/07adc12a-6d5f-41c5-bb0a-5fc90afb9eb7
 

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07adc12a-6d5f-41c5-bb0a-5fc90afb9eb7   XML
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WWW:LINK-1.0-http--link
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eng
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  • Environment
 

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Coupled resource
 
 

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Keywords ( Theme )
  • predation
Keywords ( Theme )
  • Himalayan tahr
Keywords ( Theme )
  • Hemitragus jemlahicus
Keywords ( Theme )
  • Uncia uncia
Keywords ( Theme )
  • noninvasive genetics
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  • microsatellite
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  • conservation
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  • management , SHARE
 
 

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2009-01-01T00:00:00
 

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University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
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lovari@unisi.it
Organisation name
University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
Email
melursus@hotmail.com
Organisation name
University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
Email
Organisation name
INFS - Italia
Email
nadia.mucci@infs.it
Organisation name
INFS - Italia
Email
ettore.randi@infs.it
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Università degli Studi di Torino
Email
andrea.dematteis@unito.it
 

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Organisation name
University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
Email
lovari@unisi.it
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University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
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melursus@hotmail.com
Organisation name
University of Siena - Department of Environmental Science
Email
Organisation name
INFS - Italia
Email
nadia.mucci@infs.it
Organisation name
INFS - Italia
Email
ettore.randi@infs.it
Organisation name
Università degli Studi di Torino
Email
andrea.dematteis@unito.it
 

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Ev-K2-CNR
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2014-07-22T17:55:00
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eng
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